TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Gams, Matija
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3198
AB  - RC frames with masonry infills are a widespread construction form in seismically active regions. Under seismic loading, masonry infills are activated in in-plane direction due to the frame deformation. This leads to the complex frame-infill interaction which can cause the failure of masonry infills or whole RC frame structures. Therefore, the in-plane behaviour of in-filled RC frames was a subject of many research projects that aim to predict the seismic performance of infilled frame structures or prevent the damage in masonry infills. Among many parameters that affect seismic response of infilled frames, openings are recognized to play the most significant role as they can affect the stress fields and thus alter the failure mechanism of masonry infills. This paper presents results of the investigation of in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames with and without openings. In the study, experimental results are firstly presented, and they are afterwards used for validation of numerical model. Further, influence of different opening arrangements on in-plane response of infilled frames is studied in numerical simulations. Results of the study show that openings cause the extensive damage on masonry infills and thus lead to deterioration in in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames. Additionally, the study reveals that even large openings affect the seismic response of infilled RC frames and that they cannot be easily neglected in design process, which makes the reliable prediction of the seismic response of infilled RC frames complicated. The study points at the urgency of development of innovative solutions that will be able to prevent the damage in masonry infills and simplify their seismic design.
C3  - COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.
T1  - RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Gams, Matija and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2023",
abstract = "RC frames with masonry infills are a widespread construction form in seismically active regions. Under seismic loading, masonry infills are activated in in-plane direction due to the frame deformation. This leads to the complex frame-infill interaction which can cause the failure of masonry infills or whole RC frame structures. Therefore, the in-plane behaviour of in-filled RC frames was a subject of many research projects that aim to predict the seismic performance of infilled frame structures or prevent the damage in masonry infills. Among many parameters that affect seismic response of infilled frames, openings are recognized to play the most significant role as they can affect the stress fields and thus alter the failure mechanism of masonry infills. This paper presents results of the investigation of in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames with and without openings. In the study, experimental results are firstly presented, and they are afterwards used for validation of numerical model. Further, influence of different opening arrangements on in-plane response of infilled frames is studied in numerical simulations. Results of the study show that openings cause the extensive damage on masonry infills and thus lead to deterioration in in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames. Additionally, the study reveals that even large openings affect the seismic response of infilled RC frames and that they cannot be easily neglected in design process, which makes the reliable prediction of the seismic response of infilled RC frames complicated. The study points at the urgency of development of innovative solutions that will be able to prevent the damage in masonry infills and simplify their seismic design.",
journal = "COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.",
title = "RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C., Gams, M.,& Klinkel, S.. (2023). RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results. in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Gams M, Klinkel S. RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results. in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Gams, Matija, Klinkel, Sven, "RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results" in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023. (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3061
AB  - Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although masonry infills are usually not considered in the design process, in the case of seismic loading they are subjected to inplane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed that seismic loads can severely damage masonry infills or even cause their complete collapse, especially when the loads act simultaneously. Due to this, effects of interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on seismic performance of masonry infills have received more attention recently. However, most of studies focus only on fully infilled frames, even though openings, such as windows and doors are essential parts of infills that substantially affect the seismic response of masonry infills. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on nine full-scale traditional masonry RC frames infilled with modern hollow clay bricks for configurations with and without window and door openings under separate, sequential and combined inplane and out-of-plane loading. Based on the results, a detailed comparison and interpretation for the different infill and loading configurations is presented. The test results clearly show the unfavourable influence of openings and combined loading conditions as well as the importance of the quality of execution of the circumferential mortar joint between infill and frame. The new findings can be used as a basis for the required development of innovative solutions to improve significantly the seismic performance of RC frames with masonry infills.
T2  - Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading
DO  - 10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although masonry infills are usually not considered in the design process, in the case of seismic loading they are subjected to inplane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed that seismic loads can severely damage masonry infills or even cause their complete collapse, especially when the loads act simultaneously. Due to this, effects of interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on seismic performance of masonry infills have received more attention recently. However, most of studies focus only on fully infilled frames, even though openings, such as windows and doors are essential parts of infills that substantially affect the seismic response of masonry infills. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on nine full-scale traditional masonry RC frames infilled with modern hollow clay bricks for configurations with and without window and door openings under separate, sequential and combined inplane and out-of-plane loading. Based on the results, a detailed comparison and interpretation for the different infill and loading configurations is presented. The test results clearly show the unfavourable influence of openings and combined loading conditions as well as the importance of the quality of execution of the circumferential mortar joint between infill and frame. The new findings can be used as a basis for the required development of innovative solutions to improve significantly the seismic performance of RC frames with masonry infills.",
journal = "Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading",
doi = "10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4"
}

Milijaš, A., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2023). Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading. in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4

Milijaš A, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading. in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2023;.
doi:10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading" in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2988
AB  - Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years.  However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.
T2  - Engineering Structures
T1  - Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls
VL  - 276
DO  - 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years.  However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.",
journal = "Engineering Structures",
title = "Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls",
volume = "276",
doi = "10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342"
}

Šakić, B., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2023). Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls. in Engineering Structures, 276.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342

Šakić B, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls. in Engineering Structures. 2023;276.
doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342 .

Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls" in Engineering Structures, 276 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2475
AB  - Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.
C3  - COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.",
journal = "COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2021). Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2021;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading" in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2021),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kubalski, Thomas
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2185
AB  - Masonry is a widely spread construction type which is used all over the world for different types of structures. Due to its simple and cheap construction, it is used as non-structural as well as structural element. In frame structures, such as reinforced concrete frames, masonry may be used as infill. While the bare frame itself is able to carry the loads when it comes to seismic events, the infilled frame is not able to warp freely due to the constrained movement. This restraint results in a complex interaction between the infill and the surrounding frame, which may lead to severe damage to the infill as well as the surrounding frame. The interaction is studied in different projects and effective approaches for the description of the behavior are still lacking. Experimental programs are usually quite expensive, while numerical models, once validated, do offer an efficient approach for the investigation of the interaction when horizontally loaded. In order to study the numerous parameters influencing the seismic load bearing behavior, numerical models may be used. Therefore, this contribution presents a numerical approach for the simulation of infill masonry in reinforced concrete frames. Both parts, the surrounding frame as well as the infill are represented by micro modelling approaches to correctly take into account the different types of failure. The adopted numerical model describes the inelastic behavior of the system, as indicated by the obtained results of the overall structural response as well as the formation of damage in the infilled wall. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results highlights the valuable contribution of numerical simulations in the study and design of infilled frames. As damage of the infill masonry may occur in-plane due to the interaction as well as out-of-plane due to the low vertical load, both directions of loading are investigated.
C3  - 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Investigation of the seismic behaviour of infill masonry using numerical modelling approaches
IS  - 3064
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2185
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kubalski, Thomas and Butenweg, Christoph and Marinković, Marko and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Masonry is a widely spread construction type which is used all over the world for different types of structures. Due to its simple and cheap construction, it is used as non-structural as well as structural element. In frame structures, such as reinforced concrete frames, masonry may be used as infill. While the bare frame itself is able to carry the loads when it comes to seismic events, the infilled frame is not able to warp freely due to the constrained movement. This restraint results in a complex interaction between the infill and the surrounding frame, which may lead to severe damage to the infill as well as the surrounding frame. The interaction is studied in different projects and effective approaches for the description of the behavior are still lacking. Experimental programs are usually quite expensive, while numerical models, once validated, do offer an efficient approach for the investigation of the interaction when horizontally loaded. In order to study the numerous parameters influencing the seismic load bearing behavior, numerical models may be used. Therefore, this contribution presents a numerical approach for the simulation of infill masonry in reinforced concrete frames. Both parts, the surrounding frame as well as the infill are represented by micro modelling approaches to correctly take into account the different types of failure. The adopted numerical model describes the inelastic behavior of the system, as indicated by the obtained results of the overall structural response as well as the formation of damage in the infilled wall. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results highlights the valuable contribution of numerical simulations in the study and design of infilled frames. As damage of the infill masonry may occur in-plane due to the interaction as well as out-of-plane due to the low vertical load, both directions of loading are investigated.",
journal = "16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Investigation of the seismic behaviour of infill masonry using numerical modelling approaches",
number = "3064",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2185"
}

Kubalski, T., Butenweg, C., Marinković, M.,& Klinkel, S.. (2017). Investigation of the seismic behaviour of infill masonry using numerical modelling approaches. in 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering(3064).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2185

Kubalski T, Butenweg C, Marinković M, Klinkel S. Investigation of the seismic behaviour of infill masonry using numerical modelling approaches. in 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 2017;(3064).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2185 .

Kubalski, Thomas, Butenweg, Christoph, Marinković, Marko, Klinkel, Sven, "Investigation of the seismic behaviour of infill masonry using numerical modelling approaches" in 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, no. 3064 (2017),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2185 .