Pokrajac, Dubravka

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Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije

Đorđević, Dejana; Pokrajac, Dubravka

(Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đorđević, Dejana
AU  - Pokrajac, Dubravka
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3339
AB  - Sa hidrauličkog stanovišta, prostorni raspored vodene vegetacije u koritima i na obalama vodotoka je slučajan i nezavisan od karakteristika toka. Vegetacija svojim prisustvom pruža otpore kretanju vode i utiče na tran-sportne procese i procese mešanja. Proračun otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim prostornim rasporedom vege-tacije zahteva da se prilikom numeričkog modeliranja vodi računa o konvektivnim članovima, jer oni pored zavisno promenljivih sadrže i prostorno promenljivu poroznost usled prisustva vegetacije u koritu. U ovom radu se za opis linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije koriste trostruko osrednjene Navije-Stoksove jednačine (Depth-Integrated Double-Averaged Navier-Stokes - DIDANS equations). Prikazan je postupak njihovog numeričkog rešavanja primenom metode konačnih zapremina. Za diskretizaciju jednačina u kojima se konvektivni član piše u razvijenom obliku da bi se uzela u obzir prostorna promena poroznosti, koristi se računski postupak razdvajanja fluksova (flux-difference splitting) i prilagođena Rouova računska shema za aproksimaciju zavisno promenljivih na granicama kontrolne zapremine. Modifikovan Rouov postupak testiran je na pojednostavljenom, idealizovanom primeru homogenih DIDANS jednačina (horizontalno dno i zanemareni otpori trenja i oblika). Rezultati numeričkog modela upoređeni su sa analitičkim rešenjem za ovaj pojednostavljen slučaj, pri čemu je dobijeno odlično slaganje.
AB  - From the point of view of Engineering Hydraulics, the spatial distribution of the aquatic vegetation in the natural streams and their floodplanes is random and unrelated to the streams' flow characteristics. Aquatic vegetation enhances flow resistance and influences mixing and transport processes. Numerical simulation of open channel flows with variable spatial distribution of aquatic vegetation requires a special treatment of the advective terms, because, besides the main variables, they also contain the spatialy variable porosity due to the presence of vegetation in the channel. In this paper flow in open channels with variable spatial distribution of vegetation is described using triple-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (Depth-Integrated Double-Averaged Navier-Stokes, DIDANS equations). They are solved numerically using the finite volume method. The equations with the advective terms explicitly accounting for the spatial variation of porosity are solved by using the flux difference splitting and Roe's method for approximation of the dependent variables at the boundaries between the computational cells. The modified Roe's method is tested on an idealised case of homogeneous DIDANS equations (horizontal bed and all flow resistance terms neglected). Numerical results for this simplified case are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution.
PB  - Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje
T2  - Vodoprivreda
T1  - Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije
T1  - Numerical modelling of vegetated open-channel flows with arbitrary distribution of vegetation patches
EP  - 153
IS  - 325-326
SP  - 143
VL  - 55
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3339
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Đorđević, Dejana and Pokrajac, Dubravka",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Sa hidrauličkog stanovišta, prostorni raspored vodene vegetacije u koritima i na obalama vodotoka je slučajan i nezavisan od karakteristika toka. Vegetacija svojim prisustvom pruža otpore kretanju vode i utiče na tran-sportne procese i procese mešanja. Proračun otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim prostornim rasporedom vege-tacije zahteva da se prilikom numeričkog modeliranja vodi računa o konvektivnim članovima, jer oni pored zavisno promenljivih sadrže i prostorno promenljivu poroznost usled prisustva vegetacije u koritu. U ovom radu se za opis linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije koriste trostruko osrednjene Navije-Stoksove jednačine (Depth-Integrated Double-Averaged Navier-Stokes - DIDANS equations). Prikazan je postupak njihovog numeričkog rešavanja primenom metode konačnih zapremina. Za diskretizaciju jednačina u kojima se konvektivni član piše u razvijenom obliku da bi se uzela u obzir prostorna promena poroznosti, koristi se računski postupak razdvajanja fluksova (flux-difference splitting) i prilagođena Rouova računska shema za aproksimaciju zavisno promenljivih na granicama kontrolne zapremine. Modifikovan Rouov postupak testiran je na pojednostavljenom, idealizovanom primeru homogenih DIDANS jednačina (horizontalno dno i zanemareni otpori trenja i oblika). Rezultati numeričkog modela upoređeni su sa analitičkim rešenjem za ovaj pojednostavljen slučaj, pri čemu je dobijeno odlično slaganje., From the point of view of Engineering Hydraulics, the spatial distribution of the aquatic vegetation in the natural streams and their floodplanes is random and unrelated to the streams' flow characteristics. Aquatic vegetation enhances flow resistance and influences mixing and transport processes. Numerical simulation of open channel flows with variable spatial distribution of aquatic vegetation requires a special treatment of the advective terms, because, besides the main variables, they also contain the spatialy variable porosity due to the presence of vegetation in the channel. In this paper flow in open channels with variable spatial distribution of vegetation is described using triple-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (Depth-Integrated Double-Averaged Navier-Stokes, DIDANS equations). They are solved numerically using the finite volume method. The equations with the advective terms explicitly accounting for the spatial variation of porosity are solved by using the flux difference splitting and Roe's method for approximation of the dependent variables at the boundaries between the computational cells. The modified Roe's method is tested on an idealised case of homogeneous DIDANS equations (horizontal bed and all flow resistance terms neglected). Numerical results for this simplified case are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution.",
publisher = "Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje",
journal = "Vodoprivreda",
title = "Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije, Numerical modelling of vegetated open-channel flows with arbitrary distribution of vegetation patches",
pages = "153-143",
number = "325-326",
volume = "55",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3339"
}
Đorđević, D.,& Pokrajac, D.. (2023). Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije. in Vodoprivreda
Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje., 55(325-326), 143-153.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3339
Đorđević D, Pokrajac D. Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije. in Vodoprivreda. 2023;55(325-326):143-153.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3339 .
Đorđević, Dejana, Pokrajac, Dubravka, "Numeričko modeliranje linijskih otvorenih tokova sa promenljivim rasporedom vegetacije" in Vodoprivreda, 55, no. 325-326 (2023):143-153,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3339 .

O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove

Đorđević, Dejana; Pokrajac, Dubravka

(Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje, 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đorđević, Dejana
AU  - Pokrajac, Dubravka
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2246
AB  - U radu se prikazuje metodologija koja je nastala kao rezultat potrebe da se matematički rigorozno opišu poja-ve i procesi kod prostorno heterogenog strujanja, tj. strujanja u sredinama koje ispunjavaju i tečna i čvrsta faza ili strujanja neposredno iznad elemanata rapavosti bilo da je reč o krupnom nanosu, životinjskim orga-nizmima na dnu ili vodenoj vegetaciji. Reč je o meto-dologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja u kojoj se Navije-Stoksove jednačine sukcesivno osrednjavaju po vremenu i prostoru. Kroz istorijski pregled pokazuje se kako se došlo do ideje kombinovanja vremenskog osrednjavanja karakterističnog za turbulentne tokove i prostornog osrednjavanja, karakterističnog za tečenje kroz poroznu sredinu, a potom i do ideje da se metodologija primeni u hidraulici otvorenih tokova za modeliranje tečenja u koritima sa krupnim nanosom (šljunkom, oblucima i gromadama), koritima i kanalima sa potopljenom i nepotopljenom vegetacijom ili preko plavnih površina. Daju se definicije fiktivne i sopstvene prostorno (zapreminski) osrednjene veličine, prikazuju pravila dvostrukog osrednjavanja i pokazuje kako se ona primenjuju da bi se dobile jednačine koje opisuju tečenje preko nepokretnog rapavog dna. Na primeru dvostrukog osrednjavanja količine kretanja iz [23] pokazuje se da redosled osrednjavanja – vremensko pa prostorno, ili prostorno pa vremensko ne utiče na ko-načni oblik dvostruko osrednjenih Navije-Stoksovih jednačina. Takođe se pokazuje da se matematički rigo-roznim postupkom dvostrukog osrednjavanja dobijaju jednačine u kojima figurišu sve relevantne sile / naponi koji se u samo vremenski osrednjene, Rejnoldsove je-dnačine dodaju ad hoc u zavisnosti od problema koji se rešava. Primeri su sila otpora oblika koju stvaraju ele-menti rapavosti i sila trenja po površini tih elemenata, kao i napon koji je posledica prostorne nerav-nomernosti rasporeda brzina izazvane prisustvom elemenata rapavosti – tzv. napon usled prisustva elemenata rapavosti. Primena metodologije dvostrukog osrednjavanja prikazuje se na primeru tečenja preko rapavog, poroznog dna sastavljenog od pet slojeva pravino poređanih kuglica. Prikazuju se rasporedi brzine u pravcu glavnog toka između kuglica po dubini poroznog dna i u slobodnom toku iznad rapavog dna, u vertikalnoj ravni paralelnoj sa glavnim tokom i rasporedi po dubini toka ove komponente dvostruko osrednjene brzine, dvostruko osrednjenog Rejnoldsovog napona iz vertikalne ravni i dvostruko osrednjene kinetičke energije turbulencije, koji na prelazu iz poroznog dna u slobodan tok imaju velike gradijente.
AB  - A methodology that was developed to provide rigorous mathematical description of spatially heterogeneous flows (multiphase flows, ground water flows or flows over rough beds) and related processes is presented in this paper. This is the double averaging methodology (DAM) in which Navier-Stokes equations are successively averaged in time and space. The DAM emergence and the development are traced back through the historical review. The review reveals the origins of the idea to combine time-averaging of turbulent flows and space-averaging of ground water or multiphase flows and to apply it to rough-bed open channel flows (gravel- bed rivers, vegetated and environmental flows). The review is followed by the DAM basics – definitions of superficial and intrinsic averages, spatial-averaging rules and averaging theorems and procedures, all necessary for the derivation of double-averaged Navier-Stokes (DANS) equations. The fact that the final form of DANS is independent of the averaging sequence (time-space or space-time) is illustrated on the example of nonviscous components of the total fluid stress as discussed in [23]. It is also accentuated that rigorously derived DANS contain all relevant forces that are added to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on the ad hoc basis, depending on the problem under consideration. Typical examples are drag and shear forces caused by roughness elements and form-induced stress. The application of DAM to rough-bed flows is presented on the example of flow over permeable bed composed of five layers of spheres packed in the cubic arrangemet. Streamwise velocity distributions in the streamwise oriented vertical plane is given to show velocity gradients near the top of spheres at the transition to the free flow layer. Results are presented for the profiles of double-averaged streamwise velocity, spatially-averaged shear Reynolds stress and spatially-averaged TKE, that both exhibit large gradients near the bed.
PB  - Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje
T2  - Vodoprivreda
T1  - O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove
T1  - On the double averaging methodology – hystorical review and theoretical background
EP  - 200
IS  - 306-308
SP  - 185
VL  - 52
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2246
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Đorđević, Dejana and Pokrajac, Dubravka",
year = "2020",
abstract = "U radu se prikazuje metodologija koja je nastala kao rezultat potrebe da se matematički rigorozno opišu poja-ve i procesi kod prostorno heterogenog strujanja, tj. strujanja u sredinama koje ispunjavaju i tečna i čvrsta faza ili strujanja neposredno iznad elemanata rapavosti bilo da je reč o krupnom nanosu, životinjskim orga-nizmima na dnu ili vodenoj vegetaciji. Reč je o meto-dologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja u kojoj se Navije-Stoksove jednačine sukcesivno osrednjavaju po vremenu i prostoru. Kroz istorijski pregled pokazuje se kako se došlo do ideje kombinovanja vremenskog osrednjavanja karakterističnog za turbulentne tokove i prostornog osrednjavanja, karakterističnog za tečenje kroz poroznu sredinu, a potom i do ideje da se metodologija primeni u hidraulici otvorenih tokova za modeliranje tečenja u koritima sa krupnim nanosom (šljunkom, oblucima i gromadama), koritima i kanalima sa potopljenom i nepotopljenom vegetacijom ili preko plavnih površina. Daju se definicije fiktivne i sopstvene prostorno (zapreminski) osrednjene veličine, prikazuju pravila dvostrukog osrednjavanja i pokazuje kako se ona primenjuju da bi se dobile jednačine koje opisuju tečenje preko nepokretnog rapavog dna. Na primeru dvostrukog osrednjavanja količine kretanja iz [23] pokazuje se da redosled osrednjavanja – vremensko pa prostorno, ili prostorno pa vremensko ne utiče na ko-načni oblik dvostruko osrednjenih Navije-Stoksovih jednačina. Takođe se pokazuje da se matematički rigo-roznim postupkom dvostrukog osrednjavanja dobijaju jednačine u kojima figurišu sve relevantne sile / naponi koji se u samo vremenski osrednjene, Rejnoldsove je-dnačine dodaju ad hoc u zavisnosti od problema koji se rešava. Primeri su sila otpora oblika koju stvaraju ele-menti rapavosti i sila trenja po površini tih elemenata, kao i napon koji je posledica prostorne nerav-nomernosti rasporeda brzina izazvane prisustvom elemenata rapavosti – tzv. napon usled prisustva elemenata rapavosti. Primena metodologije dvostrukog osrednjavanja prikazuje se na primeru tečenja preko rapavog, poroznog dna sastavljenog od pet slojeva pravino poređanih kuglica. Prikazuju se rasporedi brzine u pravcu glavnog toka između kuglica po dubini poroznog dna i u slobodnom toku iznad rapavog dna, u vertikalnoj ravni paralelnoj sa glavnim tokom i rasporedi po dubini toka ove komponente dvostruko osrednjene brzine, dvostruko osrednjenog Rejnoldsovog napona iz vertikalne ravni i dvostruko osrednjene kinetičke energije turbulencije, koji na prelazu iz poroznog dna u slobodan tok imaju velike gradijente., A methodology that was developed to provide rigorous mathematical description of spatially heterogeneous flows (multiphase flows, ground water flows or flows over rough beds) and related processes is presented in this paper. This is the double averaging methodology (DAM) in which Navier-Stokes equations are successively averaged in time and space. The DAM emergence and the development are traced back through the historical review. The review reveals the origins of the idea to combine time-averaging of turbulent flows and space-averaging of ground water or multiphase flows and to apply it to rough-bed open channel flows (gravel- bed rivers, vegetated and environmental flows). The review is followed by the DAM basics – definitions of superficial and intrinsic averages, spatial-averaging rules and averaging theorems and procedures, all necessary for the derivation of double-averaged Navier-Stokes (DANS) equations. The fact that the final form of DANS is independent of the averaging sequence (time-space or space-time) is illustrated on the example of nonviscous components of the total fluid stress as discussed in [23]. It is also accentuated that rigorously derived DANS contain all relevant forces that are added to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations on the ad hoc basis, depending on the problem under consideration. Typical examples are drag and shear forces caused by roughness elements and form-induced stress. The application of DAM to rough-bed flows is presented on the example of flow over permeable bed composed of five layers of spheres packed in the cubic arrangemet. Streamwise velocity distributions in the streamwise oriented vertical plane is given to show velocity gradients near the top of spheres at the transition to the free flow layer. Results are presented for the profiles of double-averaged streamwise velocity, spatially-averaged shear Reynolds stress and spatially-averaged TKE, that both exhibit large gradients near the bed.",
publisher = "Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje",
journal = "Vodoprivreda",
title = "O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove, On the double averaging methodology – hystorical review and theoretical background",
pages = "200-185",
number = "306-308",
volume = "52",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2246"
}
Đorđević, D.,& Pokrajac, D.. (2020). O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove. in Vodoprivreda
Srpsko društvo za odvodnjavanje i navodnjavanje., 52(306-308), 185-200.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2246
Đorđević D, Pokrajac D. O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove. in Vodoprivreda. 2020;52(306-308):185-200.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2246 .
Đorđević, Dejana, Pokrajac, Dubravka, "O metodologiji dvostrukog osrednjavanja - pregled istorijskog razvoja i teorijske osnove" in Vodoprivreda, 52, no. 306-308 (2020):185-200,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2246 .

Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management

Pokrajac, Dubravka; Stanić, Miloš

(2010)

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Pokrajac, Dubravka
AU  - Stanić, Miloš
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2639
AB  - Historically, the vital role that groundwater plays in the urban water cycle has been
severely neglected. To a certain extent this reflects an ‘out of sight, out of mind’ mentality, resulting in ignorance of subsurface water movements. However, neglect has
also arisen because groundwater and surface water systems are spatially distinct, and
in terms of water flow velocities, they operate on totally different timescales. Reasons
aside, the unfortunate consequence is that tools for urban water management rarely,
if ever, incorporate an adequate understanding of urban aquifers and the role of
groundwater – either during the analysis stage or, just as importantly, during the subsequent decision-making process. These attitudes must change and time is of the
essence. The need to prioritize holistic management of the urban water cycle is gaining increasing recognition worldwide. In turn, practical, soundly developed urban
water system modelling tools are essential if the goal of urban sustainability is ever to
be achieved.
In the face of such challenges, UGROW (UrbanGROundWater) represents one of
the most advanced urban water management tools produced to date. Developed
under the sixth phase of UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme (IHPIV), UGROW fully integrates all urban water system components including groundwater. Its principal aims are to raise awareness of the interaction between urban water
system components, to support management decision-making, and to solve a wide
range of urban water problems. The model has a sound scientific basis, is computationally efficient and is supported by excellent graphics. It has also been tested and
refined under a range of demanding urban conditions.
T2  - UNESCO-IHP 7, Urban Water series, Taylor&Francis
T1  - Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management
T1  - Chapter 2. UGROW – the Urban GROund Water modelling system
EP  - 124
SP  - 29
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2639
ER  - 
@inbook{
author = "Pokrajac, Dubravka and Stanić, Miloš",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Historically, the vital role that groundwater plays in the urban water cycle has been
severely neglected. To a certain extent this reflects an ‘out of sight, out of mind’ mentality, resulting in ignorance of subsurface water movements. However, neglect has
also arisen because groundwater and surface water systems are spatially distinct, and
in terms of water flow velocities, they operate on totally different timescales. Reasons
aside, the unfortunate consequence is that tools for urban water management rarely,
if ever, incorporate an adequate understanding of urban aquifers and the role of
groundwater – either during the analysis stage or, just as importantly, during the subsequent decision-making process. These attitudes must change and time is of the
essence. The need to prioritize holistic management of the urban water cycle is gaining increasing recognition worldwide. In turn, practical, soundly developed urban
water system modelling tools are essential if the goal of urban sustainability is ever to
be achieved.
In the face of such challenges, UGROW (UrbanGROundWater) represents one of
the most advanced urban water management tools produced to date. Developed
under the sixth phase of UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme (IHPIV), UGROW fully integrates all urban water system components including groundwater. Its principal aims are to raise awareness of the interaction between urban water
system components, to support management decision-making, and to solve a wide
range of urban water problems. The model has a sound scientific basis, is computationally efficient and is supported by excellent graphics. It has also been tested and
refined under a range of demanding urban conditions.",
journal = "UNESCO-IHP 7, Urban Water series, Taylor&Francis",
booktitle = "Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management, Chapter 2. UGROW – the Urban GROund Water modelling system",
pages = "124-29",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2639"
}
Pokrajac, D.,& Stanić, M.. (2010). Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management. in UNESCO-IHP 7, Urban Water series, Taylor&Francis, 29-124.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2639
Pokrajac D, Stanić M. Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management. in UNESCO-IHP 7, Urban Water series, Taylor&Francis. 2010;:29-124.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2639 .
Pokrajac, Dubravka, Stanić, Miloš, "Advanced simulation and modelling for urban groundwater management" in UNESCO-IHP 7, Urban Water series, Taylor&Francis (2010):29-124,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2639 .