TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3195
AB  - Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with masonry infills are common in seismic-prone regions. Masonry infills are activated in in-plane and out-of-plane directions under seismic loading and often damaged during earthquakes. Several recent investigations have shown that the combined effects of in-plane and out-of-plane loads are particularly dangerous for masonry infills. However, most of these studies focused on solid infills, and there is little information about the influence of openings on the seismic performance of infills, even though openings may alter the seismic performance of infilled frames significantly. This paper presents results of two experimental tests carried out on masonry infills with full-height door openings. One was tested under pure out-of-plane load, and the second one with sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Thereafter, results of these two tests are compared with experimental findings obtained from two experimental tests with similar loading protocol conducted on solid masonry infills. Results of the study demonstrate the deteriorating effect of door openings, especially under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loads. The results also highlight a need for practical solutions for damage prevention in both infills with and without openings.
C3  - Proceedings of the 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 2CroCEE Zagreb, Croatia - March 22 to 24, 2023
T1  - Behaviour of masonry infills with door openings under sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loading
DO  - 10.5592/CO/2CroCEE.2023.47
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with masonry infills are common in seismic-prone regions. Masonry infills are activated in in-plane and out-of-plane directions under seismic loading and often damaged during earthquakes. Several recent investigations have shown that the combined effects of in-plane and out-of-plane loads are particularly dangerous for masonry infills. However, most of these studies focused on solid infills, and there is little information about the influence of openings on the seismic performance of infills, even though openings may alter the seismic performance of infilled frames significantly. This paper presents results of two experimental tests carried out on masonry infills with full-height door openings. One was tested under pure out-of-plane load, and the second one with sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Thereafter, results of these two tests are compared with experimental findings obtained from two experimental tests with similar loading protocol conducted on solid masonry infills. Results of the study demonstrate the deteriorating effect of door openings, especially under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loads. The results also highlight a need for practical solutions for damage prevention in both infills with and without openings.",
journal = "Proceedings of the 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 2CroCEE Zagreb, Croatia - March 22 to 24, 2023",
title = "Behaviour of masonry infills with door openings under sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loading",
doi = "10.5592/CO/2CroCEE.2023.47"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B.,& Marinković, M.. (2023). Behaviour of masonry infills with door openings under sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loading. in Proceedings of the 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 2CroCEE Zagreb, Croatia - March 22 to 24, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/2CroCEE.2023.47

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M. Behaviour of masonry infills with door openings under sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loading. in Proceedings of the 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 2CroCEE Zagreb, Croatia - March 22 to 24, 2023. 2023;.
doi:10.5592/CO/2CroCEE.2023.47 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, "Behaviour of masonry infills with door openings under sequential in-plane and out-of-plane loading" in Proceedings of the 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering - 2CroCEE Zagreb, Croatia - March 22 to 24, 2023 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/2CroCEE.2023.47 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Gams, Matija
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3198
AB  - RC frames with masonry infills are a widespread construction form in seismically active regions. Under seismic loading, masonry infills are activated in in-plane direction due to the frame deformation. This leads to the complex frame-infill interaction which can cause the failure of masonry infills or whole RC frame structures. Therefore, the in-plane behaviour of in-filled RC frames was a subject of many research projects that aim to predict the seismic performance of infilled frame structures or prevent the damage in masonry infills. Among many parameters that affect seismic response of infilled frames, openings are recognized to play the most significant role as they can affect the stress fields and thus alter the failure mechanism of masonry infills. This paper presents results of the investigation of in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames with and without openings. In the study, experimental results are firstly presented, and they are afterwards used for validation of numerical model. Further, influence of different opening arrangements on in-plane response of infilled frames is studied in numerical simulations. Results of the study show that openings cause the extensive damage on masonry infills and thus lead to deterioration in in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames. Additionally, the study reveals that even large openings affect the seismic response of infilled RC frames and that they cannot be easily neglected in design process, which makes the reliable prediction of the seismic response of infilled RC frames complicated. The study points at the urgency of development of innovative solutions that will be able to prevent the damage in masonry infills and simplify their seismic design.
C3  - COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.
T1  - RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Gams, Matija and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2023",
abstract = "RC frames with masonry infills are a widespread construction form in seismically active regions. Under seismic loading, masonry infills are activated in in-plane direction due to the frame deformation. This leads to the complex frame-infill interaction which can cause the failure of masonry infills or whole RC frame structures. Therefore, the in-plane behaviour of in-filled RC frames was a subject of many research projects that aim to predict the seismic performance of infilled frame structures or prevent the damage in masonry infills. Among many parameters that affect seismic response of infilled frames, openings are recognized to play the most significant role as they can affect the stress fields and thus alter the failure mechanism of masonry infills. This paper presents results of the investigation of in-plane behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames with and without openings. In the study, experimental results are firstly presented, and they are afterwards used for validation of numerical model. Further, influence of different opening arrangements on in-plane response of infilled frames is studied in numerical simulations. Results of the study show that openings cause the extensive damage on masonry infills and thus lead to deterioration in in-plane behaviour of infilled RC frames. Additionally, the study reveals that even large openings affect the seismic response of infilled RC frames and that they cannot be easily neglected in design process, which makes the reliable prediction of the seismic response of infilled RC frames complicated. The study points at the urgency of development of innovative solutions that will be able to prevent the damage in masonry infills and simplify their seismic design.",
journal = "COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.",
title = "RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C., Gams, M.,& Klinkel, S.. (2023). RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results. in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Gams M, Klinkel S. RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results. in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023.. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Gams, Matija, Klinkel, Sven, "RC frames with masonry infills with and without openings: experimental and numerical results" in COMPDYN 2023 - 9th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, 12-14 June 2023. (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3198 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3061
AB  - Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although masonry infills are usually not considered in the design process, in the case of seismic loading they are subjected to inplane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed that seismic loads can severely damage masonry infills or even cause their complete collapse, especially when the loads act simultaneously. Due to this, effects of interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on seismic performance of masonry infills have received more attention recently. However, most of studies focus only on fully infilled frames, even though openings, such as windows and doors are essential parts of infills that substantially affect the seismic response of masonry infills. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on nine full-scale traditional masonry RC frames infilled with modern hollow clay bricks for configurations with and without window and door openings under separate, sequential and combined inplane and out-of-plane loading. Based on the results, a detailed comparison and interpretation for the different infill and loading configurations is presented. The test results clearly show the unfavourable influence of openings and combined loading conditions as well as the importance of the quality of execution of the circumferential mortar joint between infill and frame. The new findings can be used as a basis for the required development of innovative solutions to improve significantly the seismic performance of RC frames with masonry infills.
T2  - Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading
DO  - 10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although masonry infills are usually not considered in the design process, in the case of seismic loading they are subjected to inplane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed that seismic loads can severely damage masonry infills or even cause their complete collapse, especially when the loads act simultaneously. Due to this, effects of interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on seismic performance of masonry infills have received more attention recently. However, most of studies focus only on fully infilled frames, even though openings, such as windows and doors are essential parts of infills that substantially affect the seismic response of masonry infills. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on nine full-scale traditional masonry RC frames infilled with modern hollow clay bricks for configurations with and without window and door openings under separate, sequential and combined inplane and out-of-plane loading. Based on the results, a detailed comparison and interpretation for the different infill and loading configurations is presented. The test results clearly show the unfavourable influence of openings and combined loading conditions as well as the importance of the quality of execution of the circumferential mortar joint between infill and frame. The new findings can be used as a basis for the required development of innovative solutions to improve significantly the seismic performance of RC frames with masonry infills.",
journal = "Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading",
doi = "10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4"
}

Milijaš, A., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2023). Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading. in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4

Milijaš A, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading. in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2023;.
doi:10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi‑static in‑plane and out‑of‑plane seismic loading" in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01664-4 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3045
AB  - Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the experimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on out-of-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety.
C3  - 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology
T1  - Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3045
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the experimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on out-of-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety.",
journal = "3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology",
title = "Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3045"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B.,& Marinković, M.. (2022). Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings. in 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3045

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M. Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings. in 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology. 2022;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3045 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, "Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings" in 3rd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering & Seismology (2022),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3045 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2473
AB  - Reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls are popular form of construction all over the world as well in seismic regions. While severe earthquakes can cause high level of damage of both reinforced concrete and masonry infills, earthquakes of lower to medium intensity sometimes can cause significant level of damage of masonry infill walls. Especially important is the level of damage of face loaded infill masonry walls (out-of-plane direction) as out-of-plane load cannot only bring high level of damage to the wall, it can also be life-threating for the people near the wall. The response in out-of-plane direction directly depends on the prior in-plane damage, as previous investigation shown that it decreases resistance capacity of the infills. Behaviour of infill masonry walls with and without prior in-plane load is investigated in the experimental campaign and the results are presented in this paper. These results are later compared with analytical approaches for the out-of-plane resistance from the literature. Conclusions based on the experimental campaign on the influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of infill walls are compared with the conclusions from other authors who investigated the same problematic.
C3  - COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2473
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Šakić, Bogdan and Milijaš, Aleksa and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls are popular form of construction all over the world as well in seismic regions. While severe earthquakes can cause high level of damage of both reinforced concrete and masonry infills, earthquakes of lower to medium intensity sometimes can cause significant level of damage of masonry infill walls. Especially important is the level of damage of face loaded infill masonry walls (out-of-plane direction) as out-of-plane load cannot only bring high level of damage to the wall, it can also be life-threating for the people near the wall. The response in out-of-plane direction directly depends on the prior in-plane damage, as previous investigation shown that it decreases resistance capacity of the infills. Behaviour of infill masonry walls with and without prior in-plane load is investigated in the experimental campaign and the results are presented in this paper. These results are later compared with analytical approaches for the out-of-plane resistance from the literature. Conclusions based on the experimental campaign on the influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of infill walls are compared with the conclusions from other authors who investigated the same problematic.",
journal = "COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2473"
}

Šakić, B., Milijaš, A., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2021). Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2473

Šakić B, Milijaš A, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2021;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2473 .

Šakić, Bogdan, Milijaš, Aleksa, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load" in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2021),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2473 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milijaš, Aleksa
AU  - Šakić, Bogdan
AU  - Marinković, Marko
AU  - Butenweg, Christoph
AU  - Klinkel, Sven
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2475
AB  - Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.
C3  - COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
T1  - Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.",
journal = "COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering",
title = "Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475"
}

Milijaš, A., Šakić, B., Marinković, M., Butenweg, C.,& Klinkel, S.. (2021). Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475

Milijaš A, Šakić B, Marinković M, Butenweg C, Klinkel S. Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading. in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2021;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475 .

Milijaš, Aleksa, Šakić, Bogdan, Marinković, Marko, Butenweg, Christoph, Klinkel, Sven, "Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading" in COMPDYN 2021 - 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2021),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2475 .