TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Grbić, Mihailo
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/4662
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2381
AB  - Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in different urban aspects. The new trend, as part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy of increasing the number of urban open spaces, and circular plan design could be a sustainable approach to urban development. This paper provides a historical overview of various examples of circular objects containing built structures and open spaces from the Neolithic to the present. The Built-Up Area (BUA) and Open Space (OS) relationships are shown histogramically for 36 objects arranged chronologically. The morphospace analysis was performed to determine any possible regularity in the relationships of parts of circular objects. For the purpose of this research, three variables were chosen. First, all selected historical examples of circular objects were divided into two main categories: objects with a total diameter smaller than 300 m and objects with a total diameter bigger than 300 m. Additionally, the selected circular objects were divided by their type of open space to better understand their spatial position. The largest number of analyzed objects belongs to the Parks–Gardens category, followed by settlements, and then earth works, sacral objects and circular buildings, with the smallest number of circular objects being in the category of allotments and plazas. The second variable was Jam area and % of Jam. The buildings are of different sizes up to several hundred m2, and the areas range up to several hundred ha. The total area to OS ratio ranges from 0% (for Large Serdab) to 100% (for multiple objects). There is a similar situation with the diameter ratios (total and “jam”). Additionally, the final variable was the historical position of the selected circular objects. Circular objects belong to all historical periods from the Neolithic to the present. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between OS and BUA in various circular objects with different diameters of open spaces and find out if there was any regularity in this relationship. The morphospace analysis of this research indicates that there is no clear regularity in the relationship between the built-up area and the open space, but the aspects and research results shown here contribute to sustainability since the circular design approach could play a key role in future circular design processes.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects
IS  - 9
SP  - 4662
VL  - 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Grbić, Mihailo",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in different urban aspects. The new trend, as part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy of increasing the number of urban open spaces, and circular plan design could be a sustainable approach to urban development. This paper provides a historical overview of various examples of circular objects containing built structures and open spaces from the Neolithic to the present. The Built-Up Area (BUA) and Open Space (OS) relationships are shown histogramically for 36 objects arranged chronologically. The morphospace analysis was performed to determine any possible regularity in the relationships of parts of circular objects. For the purpose of this research, three variables were chosen. First, all selected historical examples of circular objects were divided into two main categories: objects with a total diameter smaller than 300 m and objects with a total diameter bigger than 300 m. Additionally, the selected circular objects were divided by their type of open space to better understand their spatial position. The largest number of analyzed objects belongs to the Parks–Gardens category, followed by settlements, and then earth works, sacral objects and circular buildings, with the smallest number of circular objects being in the category of allotments and plazas. The second variable was Jam area and % of Jam. The buildings are of different sizes up to several hundred m2, and the areas range up to several hundred ha. The total area to OS ratio ranges from 0% (for Large Serdab) to 100% (for multiple objects). There is a similar situation with the diameter ratios (total and “jam”). Additionally, the final variable was the historical position of the selected circular objects. Circular objects belong to all historical periods from the Neolithic to the present. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between OS and BUA in various circular objects with different diameters of open spaces and find out if there was any regularity in this relationship. The morphospace analysis of this research indicates that there is no clear regularity in the relationship between the built-up area and the open space, but the aspects and research results shown here contribute to sustainability since the circular design approach could play a key role in future circular design processes.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects",
number = "9",
pages = "4662",
volume = "13",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662"
}

Jović, B., Čučaković, A.,& Grbić, M.. (2021). Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects. in Sustainability
MDPI., 13(9), 4662.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662

Jović B, Čučaković A, Grbić M. Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects. in Sustainability. 2021;13(9):4662.
doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662 .

Jović, Biljana, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Grbić, Mihailo, "Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects" in Sustainability, 13, no. 9 (2021):4662,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grbić, Mihailo
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tripković, Milos
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/795
AB  - This paper analyzes the phenomenon of spatial functionalities for garden cultural heritage design and the relationships between the sizes of the sections and elements of the baroque garden of Vaux-leVicomte and the specific visual phenomenon, anamorphosis abscondita, that was used in the design of this garden. The interpretation of the optical illusions in the garden of Vaux-le-Vicomte was achieved by using geometrical analysis of the rules of linear perspective. The anamorphosis abscondita was examined through the viewpoints of the garden using the ground plan and longitudinal section of the garden, photographs and a virtual 3D model. The visual impression of the phenomenon anamorphosis abscondita formed in the eye of the observer, in relation to the reality of the garden, is confirmed through the geometrical analysis. Anamorphosis abscondita introduces a compulsory perceptual path to the observer of the garden. This pattern of deformation in certain parts of the garden creates in the viewer's eye a sense of infinity in space. The 3D scene of the garden is characterised by a large amount of spatial and visual information, which is located at different distances from the observer. The quality of visual information in such a space leads to a change of the object of interest. Perspectives and optical illusions influence the design of the garden at Vaux-le-Vicomte, and the terraces and axes of symmetry are important tools in its spatial organization. The axis of symmetry contributes to the clarity, depth and order of composition. The parameters that influence the phenomenon of anamorphosis (distortion): the height of the eye point and the distance both affect the visual illusion of the change in size (depth of scene).
PB  - Elsevier Masson SAS
T2  - Journal of Cultural Heritage
T1  - Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte
EP  - 369
SP  - 366
VL  - 18
DO  - 10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Grbić, Mihailo and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Tripković, Milos",
year = "2016",
abstract = "This paper analyzes the phenomenon of spatial functionalities for garden cultural heritage design and the relationships between the sizes of the sections and elements of the baroque garden of Vaux-leVicomte and the specific visual phenomenon, anamorphosis abscondita, that was used in the design of this garden. The interpretation of the optical illusions in the garden of Vaux-le-Vicomte was achieved by using geometrical analysis of the rules of linear perspective. The anamorphosis abscondita was examined through the viewpoints of the garden using the ground plan and longitudinal section of the garden, photographs and a virtual 3D model. The visual impression of the phenomenon anamorphosis abscondita formed in the eye of the observer, in relation to the reality of the garden, is confirmed through the geometrical analysis. Anamorphosis abscondita introduces a compulsory perceptual path to the observer of the garden. This pattern of deformation in certain parts of the garden creates in the viewer's eye a sense of infinity in space. The 3D scene of the garden is characterised by a large amount of spatial and visual information, which is located at different distances from the observer. The quality of visual information in such a space leads to a change of the object of interest. Perspectives and optical illusions influence the design of the garden at Vaux-le-Vicomte, and the terraces and axes of symmetry are important tools in its spatial organization. The axis of symmetry contributes to the clarity, depth and order of composition. The parameters that influence the phenomenon of anamorphosis (distortion): the height of the eye point and the distance both affect the visual illusion of the change in size (depth of scene).",
publisher = "Elsevier Masson SAS",
journal = "Journal of Cultural Heritage",
title = "Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte",
pages = "369-366",
volume = "18",
doi = "10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007"
}

Grbić, M., Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Tripković, M.. (2016). Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte. in Journal of Cultural Heritage
Elsevier Masson SAS., 18, 366-369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007

Grbić M, Čučaković A, Jović B, Tripković M. Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte. in Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2016;18:366-369.
doi:10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007 .

Grbić, Mihailo, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Tripković, Milos, "Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte" in Journal of Cultural Heritage, 18 (2016):366-369,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007 . .