TY  - CONF
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Obratov - Petković, Dragica
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Gajanić, Olga
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://afgs2021.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/AFGS-proceeding-v5-20211204.pdf
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2507
AB  - Bionics is a scientific field that studies the laws of origin and structure of "living"
nature in combination with knowledge of biology and technology. By applying bionics, sustainable solutions and answers to the great challenges of the contemporary age are reached faster. Today, as always throughout history, nature is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. With the progress of civilization and the development of modern technologies, the importance of bionics is growing rapidly
and becomes necessary in the humanization of today's way of life. This work is inspired by the leaf and flower of the dandelion (Leontodon taraxacum L.), a fascinating plant of exceptional vitality and cosmopolitan distribution. The paper focuses on the analysis of the natural shape of dandelions, using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling. It has been shown that Blender software is suitable for
parametric modeling, generating of bionic parameter and sustainable solutions. Beside this SketchUp and Lumion software were used. According to this, decorative garden element inspired by leaves, leaves venation and main nerve of dandelion is shining art installation made of wrought iron, bronze color. Since morphology of dandelion flower is heading shape and seeds are with pappus, construction of geodesic dome is suggested. The focus is in fibres of pappus designed as illuminated elements which collect energy during sunny days and release the light during night period.
PB  - Published by the AFGS2021 Organizing Committee
C3  - Proceedings of the 13th Asian Forum on Graphic Science (AFGS 2021) Hong Kong
T1  - Biodesign inspired by the leaf and flower of dandelion (leontodon taraxacum l.)
EP  - 13
SP  - 3
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2507
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Obratov - Petković, Dragica and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Gajanić, Olga",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Bionics is a scientific field that studies the laws of origin and structure of "living"
nature in combination with knowledge of biology and technology. By applying bionics, sustainable solutions and answers to the great challenges of the contemporary age are reached faster. Today, as always throughout history, nature is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. With the progress of civilization and the development of modern technologies, the importance of bionics is growing rapidly
and becomes necessary in the humanization of today's way of life. This work is inspired by the leaf and flower of the dandelion (Leontodon taraxacum L.), a fascinating plant of exceptional vitality and cosmopolitan distribution. The paper focuses on the analysis of the natural shape of dandelions, using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling. It has been shown that Blender software is suitable for
parametric modeling, generating of bionic parameter and sustainable solutions. Beside this SketchUp and Lumion software were used. According to this, decorative garden element inspired by leaves, leaves venation and main nerve of dandelion is shining art installation made of wrought iron, bronze color. Since morphology of dandelion flower is heading shape and seeds are with pappus, construction of geodesic dome is suggested. The focus is in fibres of pappus designed as illuminated elements which collect energy during sunny days and release the light during night period.",
publisher = "Published by the AFGS2021 Organizing Committee",
journal = "Proceedings of the 13th Asian Forum on Graphic Science (AFGS 2021) Hong Kong",
title = "Biodesign inspired by the leaf and flower of dandelion (leontodon taraxacum l.)",
pages = "13-3",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2507"
}

Jović, B., Obratov - Petković, D., Čučaković, A.,& Gajanić, O.. (2021). Biodesign inspired by the leaf and flower of dandelion (leontodon taraxacum l.). in Proceedings of the 13th Asian Forum on Graphic Science (AFGS 2021) Hong Kong
Published by the AFGS2021 Organizing Committee., 3-13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2507

Jović B, Obratov - Petković D, Čučaković A, Gajanić O. Biodesign inspired by the leaf and flower of dandelion (leontodon taraxacum l.). in Proceedings of the 13th Asian Forum on Graphic Science (AFGS 2021) Hong Kong. 2021;:3-13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2507 .

Jović, Biljana, Obratov - Petković, Dragica, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Gajanić, Olga, "Biodesign inspired by the leaf and flower of dandelion (leontodon taraxacum l.)" in Proceedings of the 13th Asian Forum on Graphic Science (AFGS 2021) Hong Kong (2021):3-13,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2507 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Mitić, Anđela
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna
AU  - Chemarum, Benjamin
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2517
AB  - The field of biodesign, as an art and scientific discipline, deals with the exploration of the principles of organization and functioning of living organisms and the practical application of the acquired knowledge in different digital technology projects. Two famous urban installations, one created by HQ architects in Jerusalem – four 9-meter high by 9-meter wide inflatable flowers that interacts with people, and ‘’My Equilibria”, an urban furniture design
created by Vito Di Bari and Alfredo Tasca which people could use as exercise tools, were the main inspirations for his research as these two urban installations were inspired by different elements found in nature. Some of the previous researches and created 3D urban models was Natalie’s Ramonda pavilion and Bell flower bench and candelabra. Natalie’s Ramonda
pavilion was inspired by endemic herbaceous plant in Serbia (Ramonda nathaliae P. et P.). This 3D model was 3D printed in Tokyo, Japan and exposed in few exhibitions in Serbia. Then, the next digital bio-transformation model was 3D urban model of bench and candelabra inspired by flower and linear shaped leaves of Bell flower (Campanula persicifolia L.).
The representation of the digital bio-transformation process obtained in ArchiCAD software  environment, which for result had 3D model proposition for possible urban installation, were the main aim of this research. The unique geometric patterns found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv represented a good example of how we may transform nature ideas into innovative urban design solutions. African species Spathodea campanulata
P. Beauv, whose common name in Kenya is Nandi flame was being selected for the purpose. Nandi flame is an indigenous specie in Kenya, with very decorative flower. This flower was the basic model, more precisely the precise botanical sketches of it. These sketches implemented into digital modelling software – ArchiCAD. The next step was creating a 3D model in shape of possible urban installation as bench. The results of these modelling processes
were represented as 3D urban model in open space. This innovative design solution, in this research, represented as 3D model, was proposed as urban installation in open fitness space. The unique nature pattern found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv was a good base of transformation into actual design solution.
PB  - Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade, Serbia
C3  - Book of Abstracts Conference Second International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied “Experience and Vision”
T1  - Digital bio-transformations inspired by plants: urban installation as 3d model inspired by sketch of spathodea campanulata p. beauv (nandi flame)
EP  - 44
SP  - 44
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2517
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Mitić, Anđela and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna and Chemarum, Benjamin",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The field of biodesign, as an art and scientific discipline, deals with the exploration of the principles of organization and functioning of living organisms and the practical application of the acquired knowledge in different digital technology projects. Two famous urban installations, one created by HQ architects in Jerusalem – four 9-meter high by 9-meter wide inflatable flowers that interacts with people, and ‘’My Equilibria”, an urban furniture design
created by Vito Di Bari and Alfredo Tasca which people could use as exercise tools, were the main inspirations for his research as these two urban installations were inspired by different elements found in nature. Some of the previous researches and created 3D urban models was Natalie’s Ramonda pavilion and Bell flower bench and candelabra. Natalie’s Ramonda
pavilion was inspired by endemic herbaceous plant in Serbia (Ramonda nathaliae P. et P.). This 3D model was 3D printed in Tokyo, Japan and exposed in few exhibitions in Serbia. Then, the next digital bio-transformation model was 3D urban model of bench and candelabra inspired by flower and linear shaped leaves of Bell flower (Campanula persicifolia L.).
The representation of the digital bio-transformation process obtained in ArchiCAD software  environment, which for result had 3D model proposition for possible urban installation, were the main aim of this research. The unique geometric patterns found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv represented a good example of how we may transform nature ideas into innovative urban design solutions. African species Spathodea campanulata
P. Beauv, whose common name in Kenya is Nandi flame was being selected for the purpose. Nandi flame is an indigenous specie in Kenya, with very decorative flower. This flower was the basic model, more precisely the precise botanical sketches of it. These sketches implemented into digital modelling software – ArchiCAD. The next step was creating a 3D model in shape of possible urban installation as bench. The results of these modelling processes
were represented as 3D urban model in open space. This innovative design solution, in this research, represented as 3D model, was proposed as urban installation in open fitness space. The unique nature pattern found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv was a good base of transformation into actual design solution.",
publisher = "Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade, Serbia",
journal = "Book of Abstracts Conference Second International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied “Experience and Vision”",
title = "Digital bio-transformations inspired by plants: urban installation as 3d model inspired by sketch of spathodea campanulata p. beauv (nandi flame)",
pages = "44-44",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2517"
}

Jović, B., Mitić, A., Čučaković, A., Golubović-Ćurguz, V.,& Chemarum, B.. (2021). Digital bio-transformations inspired by plants: urban installation as 3d model inspired by sketch of spathodea campanulata p. beauv (nandi flame). in Book of Abstracts Conference Second International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied “Experience and Vision”
Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Arts in Belgrade, Serbia., 44-44.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2517

Jović B, Mitić A, Čučaković A, Golubović-Ćurguz V, Chemarum B. Digital bio-transformations inspired by plants: urban installation as 3d model inspired by sketch of spathodea campanulata p. beauv (nandi flame). in Book of Abstracts Conference Second International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied “Experience and Vision”. 2021;:44-44.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2517 .

Jović, Biljana, Mitić, Anđela, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna, Chemarum, Benjamin, "Digital bio-transformations inspired by plants: urban installation as 3d model inspired by sketch of spathodea campanulata p. beauv (nandi flame)" in Book of Abstracts Conference Second International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied “Experience and Vision” (2021):44-44,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2517 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Marković, Marija
AU  - Cvijić, Katarina
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2268
AB  - A sustainable design based on biomimicry can still fulfill the functional needs of humans and be
visually satisfying by representing man's connection to nature. Biomorphic means life, living forms,
it’s often associated with organic shapes and patterns and it has its wide use in landscape
architecture. In the past few decades, there has been a great deal of progress in the study of natural systems as a means of developing contemporary design solutions. The biomimetic approach involves a close connection between biology and technology, which requires special attention because these are two areas that are fundamentally different. Biology is descriptive, broad, and variable, while technology is more numerical, with many guidelines and limitations. By this way, biomimetic as a design tool has so much potential that in the future it has yet to find comprehensive application in projects developed in the landscape architecture profession.
A design solution that uses biomimicry can be as highly stylized on different ways, but the
aesthetics will always be dictated by the perfect shapes of the nature. This reserch is inspired by the specific shape and unique beauty of the orchid flower. The study involves exploring the biomimetic pattern of a flower in its parametric modeling and its application in landscape design. This paper deals with the research of a species of the genus Phalaenopsis sp., it contains analysis of its natural form using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling of its flower. The result is the development of a conceptual solution for urban furniture designed for representative city areas. This part of the urban furniture is conceived as an organic and spontaneous structure of a beautiful orchid flower in the form of a unique city armchair.
The design of city furniture in urban areas plays one of the crucial roles in the process of shaping
the modern life, behavior and attitude of the contemporary urban humans towards the natural
environment. The application of biomimetic forms has a particular importance while constructing
an urban furniture, as it achieves the approach of the urban human to nature, and in some ways
restores their lost connection.
Applying a biomimetic approach could extend the role of landscape architecture like enhancing
shape, function and design processes as a primary initiator in collaborative, sustainable design.
PB  - 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil
C3  - Book of Abstracts 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil
T1  - Biomimetic approach to parametric flower modeling
EP  - 48
SP  - 47
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2268
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Marković, Marija and Cvijić, Katarina",
year = "2021",
abstract = "A sustainable design based on biomimicry can still fulfill the functional needs of humans and be
visually satisfying by representing man's connection to nature. Biomorphic means life, living forms,
it’s often associated with organic shapes and patterns and it has its wide use in landscape
architecture. In the past few decades, there has been a great deal of progress in the study of natural systems as a means of developing contemporary design solutions. The biomimetic approach involves a close connection between biology and technology, which requires special attention because these are two areas that are fundamentally different. Biology is descriptive, broad, and variable, while technology is more numerical, with many guidelines and limitations. By this way, biomimetic as a design tool has so much potential that in the future it has yet to find comprehensive application in projects developed in the landscape architecture profession.
A design solution that uses biomimicry can be as highly stylized on different ways, but the
aesthetics will always be dictated by the perfect shapes of the nature. This reserch is inspired by the specific shape and unique beauty of the orchid flower. The study involves exploring the biomimetic pattern of a flower in its parametric modeling and its application in landscape design. This paper deals with the research of a species of the genus Phalaenopsis sp., it contains analysis of its natural form using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling of its flower. The result is the development of a conceptual solution for urban furniture designed for representative city areas. This part of the urban furniture is conceived as an organic and spontaneous structure of a beautiful orchid flower in the form of a unique city armchair.
The design of city furniture in urban areas plays one of the crucial roles in the process of shaping
the modern life, behavior and attitude of the contemporary urban humans towards the natural
environment. The application of biomimetic forms has a particular importance while constructing
an urban furniture, as it achieves the approach of the urban human to nature, and in some ways
restores their lost connection.
Applying a biomimetic approach could extend the role of landscape architecture like enhancing
shape, function and design processes as a primary initiator in collaborative, sustainable design.",
publisher = "19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil",
journal = "Book of Abstracts 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil",
title = "Biomimetic approach to parametric flower modeling",
pages = "48-47",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2268"
}

Jović, B., Čučaković, A., Marković, M.,& Cvijić, K.. (2021). Biomimetic approach to parametric flower modeling. in Book of Abstracts 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil
19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil., 47-48.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2268

Jović B, Čučaković A, Marković M, Cvijić K. Biomimetic approach to parametric flower modeling. in Book of Abstracts 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil. 2021;:47-48.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2268 .

Jović, Biljana, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Marković, Marija, Cvijić, Katarina, "Biomimetic approach to parametric flower modeling" in Book of Abstracts 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics 2021 ISGG, São Paulo, Brazil (2021):47-48,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2268 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Mitić, Anđela
AU  - Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna
AU  - Chemarum, Benjamin
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2506
AB  - This research represents an application of two digital modelling softwares, first digital modelling software, chosen as representative of Computer-Aided Design – CAD modelling tool was Fusion 360. The representative of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as second digital modelling software was
ArchiCAD. The aim of the research was to translate the same parametric-biomimicry design methodology used in CAD process modelling into BIM environment. African species Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv, whose common name in Kenya is Nandi flame, has been selected for the
purpose of this digital modelling processes. As one of the most spectacular flowering plants, Nandi flame is indigenous to the tropical dry forests in Kenya. The decorative flower of this species was the basic model, more precisely the botanical sketches of the flower. This sketches were implemented into digital modelling softwares and used for parametric modelling. The results of this processes were represented as urban models or installations (landscape-architectural elements) in open space. This approach of digitally generating conceptual solutions from nature elements has capability to boost the
formulation of new creative inventions in the different fields. The unique geometric patterns found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv served as a good example of how we may transform these ideas into actual design installations– using CAD or BIM software tools. This research has been
carried out with the aim to find the position of BIM tools in parametric biomimicry design.
PB  - Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade
C3  - Proceedings, moNGeomatrija2021, Belgrade
T1  - Interpreting parametric-biomimicry design from cad тo bim software: digital modelling based on a sketch of nandi flame
EP  - 43
SP  - 33
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2506
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Mitić, Anđela and Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna and Chemarum, Benjamin",
year = "2021",
abstract = "This research represents an application of two digital modelling softwares, first digital modelling software, chosen as representative of Computer-Aided Design – CAD modelling tool was Fusion 360. The representative of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as second digital modelling software was
ArchiCAD. The aim of the research was to translate the same parametric-biomimicry design methodology used in CAD process modelling into BIM environment. African species Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv, whose common name in Kenya is Nandi flame, has been selected for the
purpose of this digital modelling processes. As one of the most spectacular flowering plants, Nandi flame is indigenous to the tropical dry forests in Kenya. The decorative flower of this species was the basic model, more precisely the botanical sketches of the flower. This sketches were implemented into digital modelling softwares and used for parametric modelling. The results of this processes were represented as urban models or installations (landscape-architectural elements) in open space. This approach of digitally generating conceptual solutions from nature elements has capability to boost the
formulation of new creative inventions in the different fields. The unique geometric patterns found in the flower of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv served as a good example of how we may transform these ideas into actual design installations– using CAD or BIM software tools. This research has been
carried out with the aim to find the position of BIM tools in parametric biomimicry design.",
publisher = "Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade",
journal = "Proceedings, moNGeomatrija2021, Belgrade",
title = "Interpreting parametric-biomimicry design from cad тo bim software: digital modelling based on a sketch of nandi flame",
pages = "43-33",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2506"
}

Jović, B., Čučaković, A., Mitić, A., Golubović-Ćurguz, V.,& Chemarum, B.. (2021). Interpreting parametric-biomimicry design from cad тo bim software: digital modelling based on a sketch of nandi flame. in Proceedings, moNGeomatrija2021, Belgrade
Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade., 33-43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2506

Jović B, Čučaković A, Mitić A, Golubović-Ćurguz V, Chemarum B. Interpreting parametric-biomimicry design from cad тo bim software: digital modelling based on a sketch of nandi flame. in Proceedings, moNGeomatrija2021, Belgrade. 2021;:33-43.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2506 .

Jović, Biljana, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Mitić, Anđela, Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna, Chemarum, Benjamin, "Interpreting parametric-biomimicry design from cad тo bim software: digital modelling based on a sketch of nandi flame" in Proceedings, moNGeomatrija2021, Belgrade (2021):33-43,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2506 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Grbić, Mihailo
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/9/4662
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2381
AB  - Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in different urban aspects. The new trend, as part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy of increasing the number of urban open spaces, and circular plan design could be a sustainable approach to urban development. This paper provides a historical overview of various examples of circular objects containing built structures and open spaces from the Neolithic to the present. The Built-Up Area (BUA) and Open Space (OS) relationships are shown histogramically for 36 objects arranged chronologically. The morphospace analysis was performed to determine any possible regularity in the relationships of parts of circular objects. For the purpose of this research, three variables were chosen. First, all selected historical examples of circular objects were divided into two main categories: objects with a total diameter smaller than 300 m and objects with a total diameter bigger than 300 m. Additionally, the selected circular objects were divided by their type of open space to better understand their spatial position. The largest number of analyzed objects belongs to the Parks–Gardens category, followed by settlements, and then earth works, sacral objects and circular buildings, with the smallest number of circular objects being in the category of allotments and plazas. The second variable was Jam area and % of Jam. The buildings are of different sizes up to several hundred m2, and the areas range up to several hundred ha. The total area to OS ratio ranges from 0% (for Large Serdab) to 100% (for multiple objects). There is a similar situation with the diameter ratios (total and “jam”). Additionally, the final variable was the historical position of the selected circular objects. Circular objects belong to all historical periods from the Neolithic to the present. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between OS and BUA in various circular objects with different diameters of open spaces and find out if there was any regularity in this relationship. The morphospace analysis of this research indicates that there is no clear regularity in the relationship between the built-up area and the open space, but the aspects and research results shown here contribute to sustainability since the circular design approach could play a key role in future circular design processes.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects
IS  - 9
SP  - 4662
VL  - 13
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Grbić, Mihailo",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in different urban aspects. The new trend, as part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy of increasing the number of urban open spaces, and circular plan design could be a sustainable approach to urban development. This paper provides a historical overview of various examples of circular objects containing built structures and open spaces from the Neolithic to the present. The Built-Up Area (BUA) and Open Space (OS) relationships are shown histogramically for 36 objects arranged chronologically. The morphospace analysis was performed to determine any possible regularity in the relationships of parts of circular objects. For the purpose of this research, three variables were chosen. First, all selected historical examples of circular objects were divided into two main categories: objects with a total diameter smaller than 300 m and objects with a total diameter bigger than 300 m. Additionally, the selected circular objects were divided by their type of open space to better understand their spatial position. The largest number of analyzed objects belongs to the Parks–Gardens category, followed by settlements, and then earth works, sacral objects and circular buildings, with the smallest number of circular objects being in the category of allotments and plazas. The second variable was Jam area and % of Jam. The buildings are of different sizes up to several hundred m2, and the areas range up to several hundred ha. The total area to OS ratio ranges from 0% (for Large Serdab) to 100% (for multiple objects). There is a similar situation with the diameter ratios (total and “jam”). Additionally, the final variable was the historical position of the selected circular objects. Circular objects belong to all historical periods from the Neolithic to the present. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between OS and BUA in various circular objects with different diameters of open spaces and find out if there was any regularity in this relationship. The morphospace analysis of this research indicates that there is no clear regularity in the relationship between the built-up area and the open space, but the aspects and research results shown here contribute to sustainability since the circular design approach could play a key role in future circular design processes.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects",
number = "9",
pages = "4662",
volume = "13",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662"
}

Jović, B., Čučaković, A.,& Grbić, M.. (2021). Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects. in Sustainability
MDPI., 13(9), 4662.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662

Jović B, Čučaković A, Grbić M. Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects. in Sustainability. 2021;13(9):4662.
doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662 .

Jović, Biljana, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Grbić, Mihailo, "Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects" in Sustainability, 13, no. 9 (2021):4662,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094662 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Ocokoljić, Mirjana
AU  - Marković, Isidora
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2266
AB  - The contemporary design solutions are merging the boundaries between real and virtual world. The Landscape architecture like the other interdisciplinary field stepped in a contemporary technologies area focused on that, beside the good execution of works, designer solutions has to be more realistic and “touchable”. The opportunities provided by Virtual Reality are certainly not negligible, it is common knowledge that the designs in the world are already presented in this way so the Virtual Reality increasingly used.
Following the example of the application of virtual reality in landscape architecture, this paper deals with proposals for the use of virtual reality in landscape architecture so that designers, clients and users would have a virtual sense of scope e.g. rooftop garden, urban areas, parks, roads, etc. It is a programming language that creates a series of images creating a whole, so
certain parts can be controlled or even modified in VR. Virtual reality today requires a specific gadget, such as Occulus, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR and similar.
The aim of this paper is to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge in the
interdisciplinary field of virtual reality, the ability to display using virtual reality methods, and to present through a brief overview the plant species used in the design and construction of an intensive roof garden in a Mediterranean climate, the basic characteristics of roofing gardens as well as the benefits they carry.
Virtual and augmented reality as technology is a very powerful tool for landscape architects, when modeling roof gardens, parks, and urban areas. One of the most popular technologies used by landscape architects is Google Tilt Brush, which enables fast modeling. The Google Tilt Brush VR app allows modeling in three-dimensional virtual space using a palette to work with the use of a three dimensional brush.
The terms of two "programmed" realities - virtual reality and augmented reality - are often confused. One thing they have in common, though, is VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
In this paper are shown the ways on which this issue can be solved and by the way, get closer the term of Virtual Reality (VR), also all the opportunities which the Virtual reality offered us. As well, in this paper are shown the conditions of Mediterranean climate, the conceptual solution and the plant species which will be used by execution of intensive green roof on the motel “Marković”.
PB  - Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade
C3  - PROCEEDINGS of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020
T1  - The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs
EP  - 294
SP  - 283
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2266
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Ocokoljić, Mirjana and Marković, Isidora",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The contemporary design solutions are merging the boundaries between real and virtual world. The Landscape architecture like the other interdisciplinary field stepped in a contemporary technologies area focused on that, beside the good execution of works, designer solutions has to be more realistic and “touchable”. The opportunities provided by Virtual Reality are certainly not negligible, it is common knowledge that the designs in the world are already presented in this way so the Virtual Reality increasingly used.
Following the example of the application of virtual reality in landscape architecture, this paper deals with proposals for the use of virtual reality in landscape architecture so that designers, clients and users would have a virtual sense of scope e.g. rooftop garden, urban areas, parks, roads, etc. It is a programming language that creates a series of images creating a whole, so
certain parts can be controlled or even modified in VR. Virtual reality today requires a specific gadget, such as Occulus, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR and similar.
The aim of this paper is to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge in the
interdisciplinary field of virtual reality, the ability to display using virtual reality methods, and to present through a brief overview the plant species used in the design and construction of an intensive roof garden in a Mediterranean climate, the basic characteristics of roofing gardens as well as the benefits they carry.
Virtual and augmented reality as technology is a very powerful tool for landscape architects, when modeling roof gardens, parks, and urban areas. One of the most popular technologies used by landscape architects is Google Tilt Brush, which enables fast modeling. The Google Tilt Brush VR app allows modeling in three-dimensional virtual space using a palette to work with the use of a three dimensional brush.
The terms of two "programmed" realities - virtual reality and augmented reality - are often confused. One thing they have in common, though, is VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
In this paper are shown the ways on which this issue can be solved and by the way, get closer the term of Virtual Reality (VR), also all the opportunities which the Virtual reality offered us. As well, in this paper are shown the conditions of Mediterranean climate, the conceptual solution and the plant species which will be used by execution of intensive green roof on the motel “Marković”.",
publisher = "Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade",
journal = "PROCEEDINGS of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020",
title = "The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs",
pages = "294-283",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2266"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B., Ocokoljić, M.,& Marković, I.. (2020). The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs. in PROCEEDINGS of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020
Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade., 283-294.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2266

Čučaković A, Jović B, Ocokoljić M, Marković I. The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs. in PROCEEDINGS of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020. 2020;:283-294.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2266 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Ocokoljić, Mirjana, Marković, Isidora, "The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs" in PROCEEDINGS of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020 (2020):283-294,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2266 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Marković, Marija
AU  - Cvijić, Katarina
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2263
AB  - Biodesign means life, living forms, it’s often associated with organic shapes and patterns and it has its wide use in landscape architecture. In the past few decades, there has been a great deal of progress in the study of natural systems as a means of developing contemporary design solutions. The biomimetic approach involves a close connection between biology and technology, which requires special attention because these are two areas that are fundamentally different. Biology is descriptive, broad, and variable, while technology is more numerical, with many guidelines and limitations. By this way, biomimetic as a design tool has so much potential that in the future it has yet to find comprehensive application in projects developed in the landscape architecture profession. A design solution that uses biomimicry can be as highly stylized on different ways, but the aesthetics will always be dictated by the perfect shapes of the nature. This research is inspired by the specific shape and unique beauty of the orchid flower. The study involves exploring the biomimetic pattern of a flower in its parametric modeling and its application in landscape design. This paper deals with the research of a species of the genus Phalaenopsis sp., it contains analysis of its natural form using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling of its flower. The result is the development of a conceptual solution for urban furniture designed for representative city areas.
PB  - Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296); Conference proceedings ICGG 2020
C3  - Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics  ICGG 2020; Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296)
T1  - Biomimetic Approach to Parametric Flower Modeling
EP  - 251
SP  - 244
VL  - 1296
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2_22
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Marković, Marija and Cvijić, Katarina",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Biodesign means life, living forms, it’s often associated with organic shapes and patterns and it has its wide use in landscape architecture. In the past few decades, there has been a great deal of progress in the study of natural systems as a means of developing contemporary design solutions. The biomimetic approach involves a close connection between biology and technology, which requires special attention because these are two areas that are fundamentally different. Biology is descriptive, broad, and variable, while technology is more numerical, with many guidelines and limitations. By this way, biomimetic as a design tool has so much potential that in the future it has yet to find comprehensive application in projects developed in the landscape architecture profession. A design solution that uses biomimicry can be as highly stylized on different ways, but the aesthetics will always be dictated by the perfect shapes of the nature. This research is inspired by the specific shape and unique beauty of the orchid flower. The study involves exploring the biomimetic pattern of a flower in its parametric modeling and its application in landscape design. This paper deals with the research of a species of the genus Phalaenopsis sp., it contains analysis of its natural form using a bionic pattern and parametric modeling of its flower. The result is the development of a conceptual solution for urban furniture designed for representative city areas.",
publisher = "Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296); Conference proceedings ICGG 2020",
journal = "Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics  ICGG 2020; Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296)",
title = "Biomimetic Approach to Parametric Flower Modeling",
pages = "251-244",
volume = "1296",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2_22"
}

Jović, B., Čučaković, A., Marković, M.,& Cvijić, K.. (2020). Biomimetic Approach to Parametric Flower Modeling. in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics  ICGG 2020; Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296)
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296); Conference proceedings ICGG 2020., 1296, 244-251.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2_22

Jović B, Čučaković A, Marković M, Cvijić K. Biomimetic Approach to Parametric Flower Modeling. in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics  ICGG 2020; Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296). 2020;1296:244-251.
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2_22 .

Jović, Biljana, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Marković, Marija, Cvijić, Katarina, "Biomimetic Approach to Parametric Flower Modeling" in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics  ICGG 2020; Part of the Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC, volume 1296), 1296 (2020):244-251,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63403-2_22 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Ocokoljić, Mirjana
AU  - Marković, Isidora
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2378
AB  - The contemporary design solutions are merging the boundaries between real and virtual
world. The Landscape architecture like the other interdisciplinary field stepped in a contemporary
technologies area focused on that, beside the good execution of works, designer solutions has to be more realistic and “touchable”. The opportunities provided by Virtual Reality are certainly not
negligible, it is common knowledge that the designs in the world are already presented in this way
so the Virtual Reality increasingly used.
Following the example of the application of virtual reality in landscape architecture, this
paper deals with proposals for the use of virtual reality in landscape architecture so that designers,
clients and users would have a virtual sense of scope e.g. rooftop garden, urban areas, parks,
roads, etc. It is a programming language that creates a series of images creating a whole, so
certain parts can be controlled or even modified in VR. Virtual reality today requires a specific
gadget, such as Occulus, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR and similar.
The aim of this paper is to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge in the
interdisciplinary field of virtual reality, the ability to display using virtual reality methods, and to
present through a brief overview the plant species used in the design and construction of an
intensive roof garden in a Mediterranean climate, the basic characteristics of roofing gardens as
well as the benefits they carry.
Virtual and augmented reality as technology is a very powerful tool for landscape architects,
when modeling roof gardens, parks, and urban areas. One of the most popular technologies used by landscape architects is Google Tilt Brush, which enables fast modeling. The Google Tilt Brush VR app allows modeling in three-dimensional virtual space using a palette to work with the use of a three-dimensional brush.
The terms of two "programmed" realities - virtual reality and augmented reality - are often
confused. One thing they have in common, though, is VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
In this paper are shown the ways on which this issue can be solved and by the way, get closer
the term of Virtual Reality (VR), also all the opportunities which the Virtual reality offered us. As
well, in this paper are shown the conditions of Mediterranean climate, the conceptual solution and
the plant species which will be used by execution of intensive green roof on the motel “Marković”.
PB  - Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade
C3  - Book of Abstracts of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020
T1  - The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and techniques for the design of the green roofs
EP  - 78
SP  - 76
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2378
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Ocokoljić, Mirjana and Marković, Isidora",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The contemporary design solutions are merging the boundaries between real and virtual
world. The Landscape architecture like the other interdisciplinary field stepped in a contemporary
technologies area focused on that, beside the good execution of works, designer solutions has to be more realistic and “touchable”. The opportunities provided by Virtual Reality are certainly not
negligible, it is common knowledge that the designs in the world are already presented in this way
so the Virtual Reality increasingly used.
Following the example of the application of virtual reality in landscape architecture, this
paper deals with proposals for the use of virtual reality in landscape architecture so that designers,
clients and users would have a virtual sense of scope e.g. rooftop garden, urban areas, parks,
roads, etc. It is a programming language that creates a series of images creating a whole, so
certain parts can be controlled or even modified in VR. Virtual reality today requires a specific
gadget, such as Occulus, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR and similar.
The aim of this paper is to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge in the
interdisciplinary field of virtual reality, the ability to display using virtual reality methods, and to
present through a brief overview the plant species used in the design and construction of an
intensive roof garden in a Mediterranean climate, the basic characteristics of roofing gardens as
well as the benefits they carry.
Virtual and augmented reality as technology is a very powerful tool for landscape architects,
when modeling roof gardens, parks, and urban areas. One of the most popular technologies used by landscape architects is Google Tilt Brush, which enables fast modeling. The Google Tilt Brush VR app allows modeling in three-dimensional virtual space using a palette to work with the use of a three-dimensional brush.
The terms of two "programmed" realities - virtual reality and augmented reality - are often
confused. One thing they have in common, though, is VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language.
In this paper are shown the ways on which this issue can be solved and by the way, get closer
the term of Virtual Reality (VR), also all the opportunities which the Virtual reality offered us. As
well, in this paper are shown the conditions of Mediterranean climate, the conceptual solution and
the plant species which will be used by execution of intensive green roof on the motel “Marković”.",
publisher = "Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade",
journal = "Book of Abstracts of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020",
title = "The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and techniques for the design of the green roofs",
pages = "78-76",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2378"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B., Ocokoljić, M.,& Marković, I.. (2020). The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and techniques for the design of the green roofs. in Book of Abstracts of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020
Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics (SUGIG) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade., 76-78.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2378

Čučaković A, Jović B, Ocokoljić M, Marković I. The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and techniques for the design of the green roofs. in Book of Abstracts of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020. 2020;:76-78.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2378 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Ocokoljić, Mirjana, Marković, Isidora, "The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and techniques for the design of the green roofs" in Book of Abstracts of The 7th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics Mongeometrija 2020 (2020):76-78,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2378 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Teofilović, Nataša
AU  - Brajković, Jelena
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1927
PB  - Časopis udruženja inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista 'Izgradnja' 11000 Beograd, Kneza Miloša 7a, Srbija
T2  - Izgradnja/Construction
T1  - Implementation of new media for improving the perception and construction of geometrical forms in engineering education
T1  - Implementacija novih medija sa ciljem unapređenja percepcije i konstrukcije geometrijskih formi u inženjerskoj edukaciji
EP  - 575
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 567
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1927
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Teofilović, Nataša and Brajković, Jelena",
year = "2018",
publisher = "Časopis udruženja inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista 'Izgradnja' 11000 Beograd, Kneza Miloša 7a, Srbija",
journal = "Izgradnja/Construction",
title = "Implementation of new media for improving the perception and construction of geometrical forms in engineering education, Implementacija novih medija sa ciljem unapređenja percepcije i konstrukcije geometrijskih formi u inženjerskoj edukaciji",
pages = "575-567",
number = "11-12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1927"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B., Teofilović, N.,& Brajković, J.. (2018). Implementation of new media for improving the perception and construction of geometrical forms in engineering education. in Izgradnja/Construction
Časopis udruženja inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista 'Izgradnja' 11000 Beograd, Kneza Miloša 7a, Srbija.(11-12), 567-575.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1927

Čučaković A, Jović B, Teofilović N, Brajković J. Implementation of new media for improving the perception and construction of geometrical forms in engineering education. in Izgradnja/Construction. 2018;(11-12):567-575.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1927 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Teofilović, Nataša, Brajković, Jelena, "Implementation of new media for improving the perception and construction of geometrical forms in engineering education" in Izgradnja/Construction, no. 11-12 (2018):567-575,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1927 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tripković, Miloš
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/889
AB  - In this paper, we address the challenge of overcoming the problem of developing doubly curved surfaces in product design. Product design uses two kinds of surfaces, developable surfaces and non-developable surfaces, which are also called singly and doubly curved surfaces, respectively. A developable surface has zero Gaussian curvature at all points, while a non-developable surface has non-zero Gaussian curvature at least in some region. Surfaces of many product design object are commonly created as doubly curved shapes to meet requirements of structure and aesthetic. The problem of creating the planar development of 3D surfaces with double curvature in the product design depends on the shape of the surface and the material of the surface cover. Therefore, the method of deriving a pattern is different when external forces are used in order to generate the plane patterns such as paper strips from the case when the plane shape can stretch or deform to fit on the 3D surface. Given a three-dimensional object surface, the first step of the fabrication process is flattening or planar development of this surface into a planar shape so that the manufacturer can not only determine the initial shape of the object but also estimate the strain distribution required to form the shape depending on a material. The paper is analysing and rationalizing doubly curved surface of a given shape by multiple strips of paper glued onto a surface. Results are addressing possibilities of achieving an overall smooth surface and developing a model for the generation of curvature continuous surfaces composed of paper strip surfaces, as well as generating alternative solutions that are in the domain of contemporary product design. The paper illustrates usability and different variations of the proposed design.
AB  - Ovaj rad se bavi mogućnošću prevazilaženja problema razvijanja u ravan dvostruko zakrivljenih površi u procesu dizajniranja proizvoda. U procesu dizajniranja proizvoda koriste se dve vrste površi, razvojne površi i nerazvojne površi, koje se, takođe, nazivaju jednostruko i dvostruko zakrivljenim površima. Gausova krivina razvojnih površi u svakoj tački jednaka je nuli, dok je kod nerazvojnih površi Gausova krivina ratzličita od nule pa u nekim delovima površi Gausova krivina može da bude pozitivna ili negativna. Površine mnogih dizajn-proizvoda su često osmišljene kao dvostruko zakrivljene površi kako bi zadovoljile strukturne i estetske zahteve. Problem razvijanja u ravan dvostruko zakrivljene trodimenzionalne površi u dizajnu proizvoda zavisi od oblika površine i materijala proizvoda. Stoga, metod pronalaženja načina za razvijanje dvostruko zakrivljene površi u ravan se razlikuje, kada se spoljašnja sila koristi u stvaranju površinskog obrasca kao što je prisutno kod površi (materijala) koje je moguće deformisati, od slučaja razvijanja površi kreiranih od papirnih traka. Posmatrajući površinu trodimenzionalnog objekta, prvi korak u procesu proizvodnje je razvijanje dizajniranog proizvoda u ravan kako bi proizvođač mogao da odredi ne samo inicijalni oblik objekta, već i da raspodeli naprezanje potrebno za formiranje oblika zavisno od materijala. U radu se analizira i racionalizuje dvostruko zakrivljena površ datog oblika korišćenjem papirnih traka zalepljenih na površinu dizajn-proizvoda. Rezultati istražuju mogućnosti postizanja približno glatke površine i razvoja modela za generisanje neprekidne krive površi sastavljene od papirnih traka, kao i kreiranja alternativnih rešenja upotrebljivih u domenu savremenog dizajna proizvoda. Rad ilustruje mogućnost korišćenja različitih varijacija predloženog dizajna.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd
T2  - FME Transactions
T1  - Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces
T1  - Dizajniranje papirnim trakama - primena na dvostruko zakrivljenim površima
EP  - 255
IS  - 2
SP  - 251
VL  - 45
DO  - 10.5937/fmet1702251C
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Tripković, Miloš",
year = "2017",
abstract = "In this paper, we address the challenge of overcoming the problem of developing doubly curved surfaces in product design. Product design uses two kinds of surfaces, developable surfaces and non-developable surfaces, which are also called singly and doubly curved surfaces, respectively. A developable surface has zero Gaussian curvature at all points, while a non-developable surface has non-zero Gaussian curvature at least in some region. Surfaces of many product design object are commonly created as doubly curved shapes to meet requirements of structure and aesthetic. The problem of creating the planar development of 3D surfaces with double curvature in the product design depends on the shape of the surface and the material of the surface cover. Therefore, the method of deriving a pattern is different when external forces are used in order to generate the plane patterns such as paper strips from the case when the plane shape can stretch or deform to fit on the 3D surface. Given a three-dimensional object surface, the first step of the fabrication process is flattening or planar development of this surface into a planar shape so that the manufacturer can not only determine the initial shape of the object but also estimate the strain distribution required to form the shape depending on a material. The paper is analysing and rationalizing doubly curved surface of a given shape by multiple strips of paper glued onto a surface. Results are addressing possibilities of achieving an overall smooth surface and developing a model for the generation of curvature continuous surfaces composed of paper strip surfaces, as well as generating alternative solutions that are in the domain of contemporary product design. The paper illustrates usability and different variations of the proposed design., Ovaj rad se bavi mogućnošću prevazilaženja problema razvijanja u ravan dvostruko zakrivljenih površi u procesu dizajniranja proizvoda. U procesu dizajniranja proizvoda koriste se dve vrste površi, razvojne površi i nerazvojne površi, koje se, takođe, nazivaju jednostruko i dvostruko zakrivljenim površima. Gausova krivina razvojnih površi u svakoj tački jednaka je nuli, dok je kod nerazvojnih površi Gausova krivina ratzličita od nule pa u nekim delovima površi Gausova krivina može da bude pozitivna ili negativna. Površine mnogih dizajn-proizvoda su često osmišljene kao dvostruko zakrivljene površi kako bi zadovoljile strukturne i estetske zahteve. Problem razvijanja u ravan dvostruko zakrivljene trodimenzionalne površi u dizajnu proizvoda zavisi od oblika površine i materijala proizvoda. Stoga, metod pronalaženja načina za razvijanje dvostruko zakrivljene površi u ravan se razlikuje, kada se spoljašnja sila koristi u stvaranju površinskog obrasca kao što je prisutno kod površi (materijala) koje je moguće deformisati, od slučaja razvijanja površi kreiranih od papirnih traka. Posmatrajući površinu trodimenzionalnog objekta, prvi korak u procesu proizvodnje je razvijanje dizajniranog proizvoda u ravan kako bi proizvođač mogao da odredi ne samo inicijalni oblik objekta, već i da raspodeli naprezanje potrebno za formiranje oblika zavisno od materijala. U radu se analizira i racionalizuje dvostruko zakrivljena površ datog oblika korišćenjem papirnih traka zalepljenih na površinu dizajn-proizvoda. Rezultati istražuju mogućnosti postizanja približno glatke površine i razvoja modela za generisanje neprekidne krive površi sastavljene od papirnih traka, kao i kreiranja alternativnih rešenja upotrebljivih u domenu savremenog dizajna proizvoda. Rad ilustruje mogućnost korišćenja različitih varijacija predloženog dizajna.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd",
journal = "FME Transactions",
title = "Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces, Dizajniranje papirnim trakama - primena na dvostruko zakrivljenim površima",
pages = "255-251",
number = "2",
volume = "45",
doi = "10.5937/fmet1702251C"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Tripković, M.. (2017). Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces. in FME Transactions
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd., 45(2), 251-255.
https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1702251C

Čučaković A, Jović B, Tripković M. Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces. in FME Transactions. 2017;45(2):251-255.
doi:10.5937/fmet1702251C .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Tripković, Miloš, "Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces" in FME Transactions, 45, no. 2 (2017):251-255,
https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1702251C . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tomićević-Dubljević, Jelena
AU  - Stojanović, Jelena
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/846
AB  - Contemporary design solutions that move the boundaries of creativity include the use of digital graphics, in order to get innovative graphical interpretation which includes interventions in space using various element, materials and plants, which requires the use of a combination of different software packages .This paper analyzes the combination of the available graphical software for interpretation projects in the context of landscape architecture profession. Model 'Garden' was created in the 'SketchUp' software for the purpose of visual questionnaire and detailed research work in programs for visualization: 'Photoshop' , 'Lumion' and '3DMax'. Combining the two research methods: study graphic interpretation, 'learning by doing' method in software for digital graphic and research public opinion questionnaire ('Single stimulus' method) led to the results which give recommendations for the use of a combination of appropriate software packages.
AB  - Savremena dizajnerska rešenja koja pomeraju granice kreativnosti podrazumevaju upotrebu digitalne grafike, u svrhu dobiijanja inovativnih grafičkih interpretacija. Pejzažna arhitektura je transdisciplinarna struka, koja podrazumeva intervencije u prostoru upotrebom različitih elemenata, materijala i biljaka, što zahteva upotrebu i kombinaciju različitih softverskih paketa. Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjem kombinacija dostupnih grafičkih softvera za interpretaciju projekata u okviru pejzažnoarhitektonske struke. Model 'Vrt' je izrađen u 'SketchUp' softveru za potrebe izrade vizuelnog upitnika kao i detaljnijeg istraživanja rada u programima za vizuelizaciju: 'Photoshop', 'Lumion' i '3DMax'. Kombinacijom dve istraživačke metode: istraživanjem grafičke interpretacije, učenjem kroz rad ('Learning by doing') u softverima za digitalnu grafiku i istraživanjem mišljenja javnog mnjenja upitnikom ('Single stimulans' metodom) došlo se do rezultata koji daju preporuke za upotrebu kombinacije adekvatnih softverskih paketa.
PB  - Udruženje inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista "Izgradnja", Beograd
T2  - Izgradnja
T1  - Design solutions interpretation using digital graphics
T1  - Interpretacija projektantskih rešenja primenom digitalne grafike
EP  - 95
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 87
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_846
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Tomićević-Dubljević, Jelena and Stojanović, Jelena",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Contemporary design solutions that move the boundaries of creativity include the use of digital graphics, in order to get innovative graphical interpretation which includes interventions in space using various element, materials and plants, which requires the use of a combination of different software packages .This paper analyzes the combination of the available graphical software for interpretation projects in the context of landscape architecture profession. Model 'Garden' was created in the 'SketchUp' software for the purpose of visual questionnaire and detailed research work in programs for visualization: 'Photoshop' , 'Lumion' and '3DMax'. Combining the two research methods: study graphic interpretation, 'learning by doing' method in software for digital graphic and research public opinion questionnaire ('Single stimulus' method) led to the results which give recommendations for the use of a combination of appropriate software packages., Savremena dizajnerska rešenja koja pomeraju granice kreativnosti podrazumevaju upotrebu digitalne grafike, u svrhu dobiijanja inovativnih grafičkih interpretacija. Pejzažna arhitektura je transdisciplinarna struka, koja podrazumeva intervencije u prostoru upotrebom različitih elemenata, materijala i biljaka, što zahteva upotrebu i kombinaciju različitih softverskih paketa. Ovaj rad se bavi istraživanjem kombinacija dostupnih grafičkih softvera za interpretaciju projekata u okviru pejzažnoarhitektonske struke. Model 'Vrt' je izrađen u 'SketchUp' softveru za potrebe izrade vizuelnog upitnika kao i detaljnijeg istraživanja rada u programima za vizuelizaciju: 'Photoshop', 'Lumion' i '3DMax'. Kombinacijom dve istraživačke metode: istraživanjem grafičke interpretacije, učenjem kroz rad ('Learning by doing') u softverima za digitalnu grafiku i istraživanjem mišljenja javnog mnjenja upitnikom ('Single stimulans' metodom) došlo se do rezultata koji daju preporuke za upotrebu kombinacije adekvatnih softverskih paketa.",
publisher = "Udruženje inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista "Izgradnja", Beograd",
journal = "Izgradnja",
title = "Design solutions interpretation using digital graphics, Interpretacija projektantskih rešenja primenom digitalne grafike",
pages = "95-87",
number = "3-4",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_846"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B., Tomićević-Dubljević, J.,& Stojanović, J.. (2017). Design solutions interpretation using digital graphics. in Izgradnja
Udruženje inženjera građevinarstva, geotehnike, arhitekture i urbanista "Izgradnja", Beograd.(3-4), 87-95.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_846

Čučaković A, Jović B, Tomićević-Dubljević J, Stojanović J. Design solutions interpretation using digital graphics. in Izgradnja. 2017;(3-4):87-95.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_846 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Tomićević-Dubljević, Jelena, Stojanović, Jelena, "Design solutions interpretation using digital graphics" in Izgradnja, no. 3-4 (2017):87-95,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_846 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://saj.rs/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/SAJ-2017-01-A-Cucakovic-B-Jovic.pdf
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1907
AB  - New media technologies and interdisciplinary approach is used and represented in this paper. The aspects and research results are shown through the production methodology, multimedia learning tool and the final application in geometrical education. The method we used here is obtained from overlapping of multiple disciplines such as architecture, structural systems, descriptive geometry and computer animation. Geometrical construction is presented on visual dynamic educational device for students of technical and applied arts faculties. Multimedia DVD is named: “Geometrical education by using 3D animation principles and tools”. Geometrical education enables development of the understanding and perception of space as well as the ability of spatial representation. Drawing is not the goal of geometrical education. Our aim is to simplify the perception of geometrical construction, and by the method is proposed in this paper it is quite possible.
PB  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, with The Centre for Ethics, Law and Applied Philosophy
T2  - Serbian Architectural Journal (SAJ)
T1  - The Advantages of Using Digital 3D Animation in Geometrical Education
EP  - 82
IS  - 1
SP  - 65
VL  - 9
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1907
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "New media technologies and interdisciplinary approach is used and represented in this paper. The aspects and research results are shown through the production methodology, multimedia learning tool and the final application in geometrical education. The method we used here is obtained from overlapping of multiple disciplines such as architecture, structural systems, descriptive geometry and computer animation. Geometrical construction is presented on visual dynamic educational device for students of technical and applied arts faculties. Multimedia DVD is named: “Geometrical education by using 3D animation principles and tools”. Geometrical education enables development of the understanding and perception of space as well as the ability of spatial representation. Drawing is not the goal of geometrical education. Our aim is to simplify the perception of geometrical construction, and by the method is proposed in this paper it is quite possible.",
publisher = "University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, with The Centre for Ethics, Law and Applied Philosophy",
journal = "Serbian Architectural Journal (SAJ)",
title = "The Advantages of Using Digital 3D Animation in Geometrical Education",
pages = "82-65",
number = "1",
volume = "9",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1907"
}

Čučaković, A.,& Jović, B.. (2017). The Advantages of Using Digital 3D Animation in Geometrical Education. in Serbian Architectural Journal (SAJ)
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture, with The Centre for Ethics, Law and Applied Philosophy., 9(1), 65-82.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1907

Čučaković A, Jović B. The Advantages of Using Digital 3D Animation in Geometrical Education. in Serbian Architectural Journal (SAJ). 2017;9(1):65-82.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1907 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, "The Advantages of Using Digital 3D Animation in Geometrical Education" in Serbian Architectural Journal (SAJ), 9, no. 1 (2017):65-82,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1907 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Đukić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1456
PB  - Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade; Akademska misao, Belgrade
C3  - Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Shadow shapes of metamorphoses hypercube
EP  - 396
SP  - 387
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1456
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Đukić, Aleksandar",
year = "2016",
publisher = "Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade; Akademska misao, Belgrade",
journal = "Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Shadow shapes of metamorphoses hypercube",
pages = "396-387",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1456"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Đukić, A.. (2016). Shadow shapes of metamorphoses hypercube. in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia
Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade; Akademska misao, Belgrade., 387-396.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1456

Čučaković A, Jović B, Đukić A. Shadow shapes of metamorphoses hypercube. in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia. 2016;:387-396.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1456 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Đukić, Aleksandar, "Shadow shapes of metamorphoses hypercube" in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia (2016):387-396,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1456 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Komnenov, M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1063
T2  - Periodica Polytechnica Architecture
T1  - Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design
EP  - 74
IS  - 2
SP  - 70
VL  - 47
DO  - 10.3311/PPar.10082
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Komnenov, M.",
year = "2016",
journal = "Periodica Polytechnica Architecture",
title = "Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design",
pages = "74-70",
number = "2",
volume = "47",
doi = "10.3311/PPar.10082"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Komnenov, M.. (2016). Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design. in Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 47(2), 70-74.
https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.10082

Čučaković A, Jović B, Komnenov M. Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design. in Periodica Polytechnica Architecture. 2016;47(2):70-74.
doi:10.3311/PPar.10082 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Komnenov, M., "Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design" in Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 47, no. 2 (2016):70-74,
https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.10082 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tripković, M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1421
PB  - Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Akademska misao, Belgrade
C3  - Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Paper strips driven design application on doubly curved surfaces
EP  - 305
SP  - 299
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1421
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Tripković, M.",
year = "2016",
publisher = "Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Akademska misao, Belgrade",
journal = "Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Paper strips driven design application on doubly curved surfaces",
pages = "305-299",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1421"
}

Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Tripković, M.. (2016). Paper strips driven design application on doubly curved surfaces. in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia
Serbian Association for Geometry and Graphics; Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Akademska misao, Belgrade., 299-305.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1421

Čučaković A, Jović B, Tripković M. Paper strips driven design application on doubly curved surfaces. in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia. 2016;:299-305.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1421 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Tripković, M., "Paper strips driven design application on doubly curved surfaces" in Proceedings / The 5th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2016, June 23th-26th 2016, Belgrade, Serbia (2016):299-305,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1421 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grbić, Mihailo
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tripković, Milos
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/795
AB  - This paper analyzes the phenomenon of spatial functionalities for garden cultural heritage design and the relationships between the sizes of the sections and elements of the baroque garden of Vaux-leVicomte and the specific visual phenomenon, anamorphosis abscondita, that was used in the design of this garden. The interpretation of the optical illusions in the garden of Vaux-le-Vicomte was achieved by using geometrical analysis of the rules of linear perspective. The anamorphosis abscondita was examined through the viewpoints of the garden using the ground plan and longitudinal section of the garden, photographs and a virtual 3D model. The visual impression of the phenomenon anamorphosis abscondita formed in the eye of the observer, in relation to the reality of the garden, is confirmed through the geometrical analysis. Anamorphosis abscondita introduces a compulsory perceptual path to the observer of the garden. This pattern of deformation in certain parts of the garden creates in the viewer's eye a sense of infinity in space. The 3D scene of the garden is characterised by a large amount of spatial and visual information, which is located at different distances from the observer. The quality of visual information in such a space leads to a change of the object of interest. Perspectives and optical illusions influence the design of the garden at Vaux-le-Vicomte, and the terraces and axes of symmetry are important tools in its spatial organization. The axis of symmetry contributes to the clarity, depth and order of composition. The parameters that influence the phenomenon of anamorphosis (distortion): the height of the eye point and the distance both affect the visual illusion of the change in size (depth of scene).
PB  - Elsevier Masson SAS
T2  - Journal of Cultural Heritage
T1  - Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte
EP  - 369
SP  - 366
VL  - 18
DO  - 10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Grbić, Mihailo and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Tripković, Milos",
year = "2016",
abstract = "This paper analyzes the phenomenon of spatial functionalities for garden cultural heritage design and the relationships between the sizes of the sections and elements of the baroque garden of Vaux-leVicomte and the specific visual phenomenon, anamorphosis abscondita, that was used in the design of this garden. The interpretation of the optical illusions in the garden of Vaux-le-Vicomte was achieved by using geometrical analysis of the rules of linear perspective. The anamorphosis abscondita was examined through the viewpoints of the garden using the ground plan and longitudinal section of the garden, photographs and a virtual 3D model. The visual impression of the phenomenon anamorphosis abscondita formed in the eye of the observer, in relation to the reality of the garden, is confirmed through the geometrical analysis. Anamorphosis abscondita introduces a compulsory perceptual path to the observer of the garden. This pattern of deformation in certain parts of the garden creates in the viewer's eye a sense of infinity in space. The 3D scene of the garden is characterised by a large amount of spatial and visual information, which is located at different distances from the observer. The quality of visual information in such a space leads to a change of the object of interest. Perspectives and optical illusions influence the design of the garden at Vaux-le-Vicomte, and the terraces and axes of symmetry are important tools in its spatial organization. The axis of symmetry contributes to the clarity, depth and order of composition. The parameters that influence the phenomenon of anamorphosis (distortion): the height of the eye point and the distance both affect the visual illusion of the change in size (depth of scene).",
publisher = "Elsevier Masson SAS",
journal = "Journal of Cultural Heritage",
title = "Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte",
pages = "369-366",
volume = "18",
doi = "10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007"
}

Grbić, M., Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Tripković, M.. (2016). Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte. in Journal of Cultural Heritage
Elsevier Masson SAS., 18, 366-369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007

Grbić M, Čučaković A, Jović B, Tripković M. Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte. in Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2016;18:366-369.
doi:10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007 .

Grbić, Mihailo, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Tripković, Milos, "Garden cultural heritage spatial functionalities: The case of anamorphosis abscondita at Vaux-le-Vicomte" in Journal of Cultural Heritage, 18 (2016):366-369,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2015.08.007 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nestorović, M.
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Teofilović, N.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1016
T2  - Izgradnja
T1  - Geometrical Structure Analysis of Four Beijing Olimpic Buildings
EP  - 506
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 500
VL  - 68
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1016
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nestorović, M. and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana and Teofilović, N.",
year = "2014",
journal = "Izgradnja",
title = "Geometrical Structure Analysis of Four Beijing Olimpic Buildings",
pages = "506-500",
number = "11-12",
volume = "68",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1016"
}

Nestorović, M., Čučaković, A., Jović, B.,& Teofilović, N.. (2014). Geometrical Structure Analysis of Four Beijing Olimpic Buildings. in Izgradnja, 68(11-12), 500-506.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1016

Nestorović M, Čučaković A, Jović B, Teofilović N. Geometrical Structure Analysis of Four Beijing Olimpic Buildings. in Izgradnja. 2014;68(11-12):500-506.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1016 .

Nestorović, M., Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, Teofilović, N., "Geometrical Structure Analysis of Four Beijing Olimpic Buildings" in Izgradnja, 68, no. 11-12 (2014):500-506,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1016 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Teofilović, Nataša
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1224
AB  - The use of digital technology includes an interdisciplinary approach. The focus is on fusion of different media and genres into new forms of artistic expression as well as transcending the boundaries between art and education, the arts and research. Teaching descriptive geometry using animation softwares enables development of the ability of spatial representation, perception and understanding of space. The specific contribution is in the education by working with 3D animation for students of art and engineering field of technical - technological group of students. We emphasize the importance of dealing with design dynamically- generated form. Experimental design (freeform) presented on DVD includes: generating a surface with the two profiles as guidelines, generating free form using lattice deformers and generate free-form by the duplicating along curve tool. The key concept of dynamic geometry is to select the item which is then changed position and simutaneously you can see changes in the structure. This ability of movement is fundamentally improvement regard to the drawing on the paper or static CAD models. The movement in animation is captured by sequence of static pictures. If we have the form which changes during the time, we could observe these changes also sequentially. On this way, the form cloud be observed during the morphing in time, and each particular frame could be the base for further development.be observed during the morphing in time, and each particular frame could be the base for further development.
PB  - Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture ; Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics SUGIG, Niš ; Beograd
C3  - Proceedings. Vol. 2 / 4th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2014, June 20th - 22nd, 2014 Vlasina, Serbia
T1  - 3D animation applications in descriptive geometry teaching
EP  - 310
SP  - 302
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_417
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Teofilović, Nataša and Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana",
year = "2014",
abstract = "The use of digital technology includes an interdisciplinary approach. The focus is on fusion of different media and genres into new forms of artistic expression as well as transcending the boundaries between art and education, the arts and research. Teaching descriptive geometry using animation softwares enables development of the ability of spatial representation, perception and understanding of space. The specific contribution is in the education by working with 3D animation for students of art and engineering field of technical - technological group of students. We emphasize the importance of dealing with design dynamically- generated form. Experimental design (freeform) presented on DVD includes: generating a surface with the two profiles as guidelines, generating free form using lattice deformers and generate free-form by the duplicating along curve tool. The key concept of dynamic geometry is to select the item which is then changed position and simutaneously you can see changes in the structure. This ability of movement is fundamentally improvement regard to the drawing on the paper or static CAD models. The movement in animation is captured by sequence of static pictures. If we have the form which changes during the time, we could observe these changes also sequentially. On this way, the form cloud be observed during the morphing in time, and each particular frame could be the base for further development.be observed during the morphing in time, and each particular frame could be the base for further development.",
publisher = "Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture ; Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics SUGIG, Niš ; Beograd",
journal = "Proceedings. Vol. 2 / 4th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2014, June 20th - 22nd, 2014 Vlasina, Serbia",
title = "3D animation applications in descriptive geometry teaching",
pages = "310-302",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_417"
}

Teofilović, N., Čučaković, A.,& Jović, B.. (2014). 3D animation applications in descriptive geometry teaching. in Proceedings. Vol. 2 / 4th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2014, June 20th - 22nd, 2014 Vlasina, Serbia
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture ; Serbian Society for Geometry and Graphics SUGIG, Niš ; Beograd., 302-310.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_417

Teofilović N, Čučaković A, Jović B. 3D animation applications in descriptive geometry teaching. in Proceedings. Vol. 2 / 4th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2014, June 20th - 22nd, 2014 Vlasina, Serbia. 2014;:302-310.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_417 .

Teofilović, Nataša, Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, "3D animation applications in descriptive geometry teaching" in Proceedings. Vol. 2 / 4th International Scientific Conference on Geometry and Graphics moNGeometrija 2014, June 20th - 22nd, 2014 Vlasina, Serbia (2014):302-310,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_417 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Teofilović, N.
AU  - Jović, Biljana
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1183
C3  - Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Innsbruck, August 4-8 2014
T1  - Descriptive Geometry Education by Using Multimedia Tools
EP  - 265
SP  - 262
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1183
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Teofilović, N. and Jović, Biljana",
year = "2014",
journal = "Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Innsbruck, August 4-8 2014",
title = "Descriptive Geometry Education by Using Multimedia Tools",
pages = "265-262",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1183"
}

Čučaković, A., Teofilović, N.,& Jović, B.. (2014). Descriptive Geometry Education by Using Multimedia Tools. in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Innsbruck, August 4-8 2014, 262-265.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1183

Čučaković A, Teofilović N, Jović B. Descriptive Geometry Education by Using Multimedia Tools. in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Innsbruck, August 4-8 2014. 2014;:262-265.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1183 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Teofilović, N., Jović, Biljana, "Descriptive Geometry Education by Using Multimedia Tools" in Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Geometry and Graphics, Innsbruck, August 4-8 2014 (2014):262-265,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_1183 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Biljana
AU  - Tripković, Miloš
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/408
AB  - This paper provides the basics for more detailed research on the structures of bionic forms of different plant species and their application in the domain of landscape planning. The aim of this type of research is to expand knowledge of landscape planning with a deeper understanding of different geometric relations present in the existing natural forms. The correlation between structures in nature and structures that are present in contemporary landscape architecture could be established by the congruence with the geometric models from landscape. This paper is focused solely on the geometry of natural forms. The Voronoi diagram was used in order to examine the similarities and to perform a comparative analysis of the Prunus domestica L. leaf geometry and the geometry of cultural landscapes of Central Serbia. The resulting Voronoi diagram shows the similarity based on closed fields, Voronoi cells, which correspond to the nervation of Prunus domestica L. leaf by form. Using the comparative analysis, the geometric interpretation of cultural landscape examples could be linked to the geometric structure of the most frequent fruit tree species.
AB  - Ovaj rad daje polazne osnove za detaljnija istraživanja u oblasti geometrijskih struktura bioničkih formi različitih biljnih vrsta i njihovu primenu u domenu planiranja predela. Cilj ove vrste istraživanja je da proširi znanja koja povezuju oblast planiranja predela sa dubljim razumevanjem različitih geometrijskih odnosa prisutnih u postojećim prirodnim oblicima. Preslikavanjem geometrijskih odnosa sa modela iz prirode uspostavlja se korelacija između struktura u prirodi i struktura koje su prisutne u predelu. Fokus ovog rada je isključivo na geometriji prirodnih oblika. U cilju sagledavanja sličnosti i vršenja komparativne analize geometrije lista Prunus domestica L. i geometrije kulturnog predela centralne Srbije korišćen je Voronoi dijagram. Dobijeni Voronoi dijagram pokazuje sličnost na osnovu zatvorenih polja, Voronoi ćelija, koje po formi odgovaraju nervaturi lista Prunus domestica L. Geometrijska interpretacija postojećih obrazaca kulturnog predela može se komparativnom analizom dovesti u vezu sa geometrijskom strukturom najčešće gajene voćarsko-drvenaste vrste.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd
T2  - Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
T1  - Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf
T1  - Geometrijska korelacija obrazaca kulturnog predela i lista vrste Prunus domestica L.
EP  - 40
IS  - 104
SP  - 29
DO  - 10.2298/GSF1104029J
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Biljana and Tripković, Miloš and Čučaković, Aleksandar",
year = "2011",
abstract = "This paper provides the basics for more detailed research on the structures of bionic forms of different plant species and their application in the domain of landscape planning. The aim of this type of research is to expand knowledge of landscape planning with a deeper understanding of different geometric relations present in the existing natural forms. The correlation between structures in nature and structures that are present in contemporary landscape architecture could be established by the congruence with the geometric models from landscape. This paper is focused solely on the geometry of natural forms. The Voronoi diagram was used in order to examine the similarities and to perform a comparative analysis of the Prunus domestica L. leaf geometry and the geometry of cultural landscapes of Central Serbia. The resulting Voronoi diagram shows the similarity based on closed fields, Voronoi cells, which correspond to the nervation of Prunus domestica L. leaf by form. Using the comparative analysis, the geometric interpretation of cultural landscape examples could be linked to the geometric structure of the most frequent fruit tree species., Ovaj rad daje polazne osnove za detaljnija istraživanja u oblasti geometrijskih struktura bioničkih formi različitih biljnih vrsta i njihovu primenu u domenu planiranja predela. Cilj ove vrste istraživanja je da proširi znanja koja povezuju oblast planiranja predela sa dubljim razumevanjem različitih geometrijskih odnosa prisutnih u postojećim prirodnim oblicima. Preslikavanjem geometrijskih odnosa sa modela iz prirode uspostavlja se korelacija između struktura u prirodi i struktura koje su prisutne u predelu. Fokus ovog rada je isključivo na geometriji prirodnih oblika. U cilju sagledavanja sličnosti i vršenja komparativne analize geometrije lista Prunus domestica L. i geometrije kulturnog predela centralne Srbije korišćen je Voronoi dijagram. Dobijeni Voronoi dijagram pokazuje sličnost na osnovu zatvorenih polja, Voronoi ćelija, koje po formi odgovaraju nervaturi lista Prunus domestica L. Geometrijska interpretacija postojećih obrazaca kulturnog predela može se komparativnom analizom dovesti u vezu sa geometrijskom strukturom najčešće gajene voćarsko-drvenaste vrste.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd",
journal = "Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta",
title = "Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf, Geometrijska korelacija obrazaca kulturnog predela i lista vrste Prunus domestica L.",
pages = "40-29",
number = "104",
doi = "10.2298/GSF1104029J"
}

Jović, B., Tripković, M.,& Čučaković, A.. (2011). Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Šumarski fakultet, Beograd.(104), 29-40.
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF1104029J

Jović B, Tripković M, Čučaković A. Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf. in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta. 2011;(104):29-40.
doi:10.2298/GSF1104029J .

Jović, Biljana, Tripković, Miloš, Čučaković, Aleksandar, "Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf" in Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta, no. 104 (2011):29-40,
https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF1104029J . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čučaković, Aleksandar
AU  - Jović, Biljana
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/383
AB  - Contemporary technological development (CAD/CAM/CAE, VR, AR, MR) made conventional methods of Descriptive and Constructive Geometry uncompleted. Application and use of new technologies in Constructive geometry requires educational process with the aim to have complete knowledge of all fields that belong to this area. The aspect and results research shows that knowledge acquired in this way by using new technology, develops students' skills that are very important in senior years of studies, particularly in the field of engineering design. Interactive dynamic 3D geometry could not be achieved by conventional ways of studying. The use of modern technology should enable expanding the fields of research as well as preservation of the theoretical knowledge of descriptive geometry.
AB  - Razvoj savremenih tehnologija (CAD/CAM/CAE, VR, AR, MR) je učinio tradicionalne metode nacrtne geometrije i geometrije konstrukcija nezavršenim. Primena i upotreba novih tehnologija u geometriji konstrukcija zahteva obrazovni proces sa ciljem da se ima kompletno znanje svih polja koje pripadaju ovoj oblasti. Aspekt i rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da znanje stečeno na ovaj način korišćenjem nove tehnologije razvija veštine studenata što je veoma važno u višim godinama studija, posebno u oblasti tehničkog dizajna. Interaktivna dinamična 3D geometrija ne bi mogla da se postigne tradicionalnim načinima studiranja. Upotreba moderne tehnologije bi trebalo da omogući proširenje polja istraživanja kao i očuvanje teoretskog znanja nacrtne geometrije.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet, Beograd i Centar za etiku, pravo i primenjenu filozofiju, Beograd
T2  - SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal
T1  - Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies
T1  - Geometrije konstrukcija putem savremenih tehnologija
EP  - 183
IS  - 2
SP  - 164
VL  - 3
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_383
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Čučaković, Aleksandar and Jović, Biljana",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Contemporary technological development (CAD/CAM/CAE, VR, AR, MR) made conventional methods of Descriptive and Constructive Geometry uncompleted. Application and use of new technologies in Constructive geometry requires educational process with the aim to have complete knowledge of all fields that belong to this area. The aspect and results research shows that knowledge acquired in this way by using new technology, develops students' skills that are very important in senior years of studies, particularly in the field of engineering design. Interactive dynamic 3D geometry could not be achieved by conventional ways of studying. The use of modern technology should enable expanding the fields of research as well as preservation of the theoretical knowledge of descriptive geometry., Razvoj savremenih tehnologija (CAD/CAM/CAE, VR, AR, MR) je učinio tradicionalne metode nacrtne geometrije i geometrije konstrukcija nezavršenim. Primena i upotreba novih tehnologija u geometriji konstrukcija zahteva obrazovni proces sa ciljem da se ima kompletno znanje svih polja koje pripadaju ovoj oblasti. Aspekt i rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da znanje stečeno na ovaj način korišćenjem nove tehnologije razvija veštine studenata što je veoma važno u višim godinama studija, posebno u oblasti tehničkog dizajna. Interaktivna dinamična 3D geometrija ne bi mogla da se postigne tradicionalnim načinima studiranja. Upotreba moderne tehnologije bi trebalo da omogući proširenje polja istraživanja kao i očuvanje teoretskog znanja nacrtne geometrije.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet, Beograd i Centar za etiku, pravo i primenjenu filozofiju, Beograd",
journal = "SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal",
title = "Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies, Geometrije konstrukcija putem savremenih tehnologija",
pages = "183-164",
number = "2",
volume = "3",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_383"
}

Čučaković, A.,& Jović, B.. (2011). Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies. in SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet, Beograd i Centar za etiku, pravo i primenjenu filozofiju, Beograd., 3(2), 164-183.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_383

Čučaković A, Jović B. Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies. in SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal. 2011;3(2):164-183.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_383 .

Čučaković, Aleksandar, Jović, Biljana, "Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies" in SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal, 3, no. 2 (2011):164-183,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_383 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Obradović, Marija
AU  - Jović, Biljana
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2043
AB  - In the paper there is presented a method of transposing a polyhedral structure, composed of two
regular polygons: octagon and hexadecagon as the bases, and the envelope formed of equilateral triangular strip, which is named octagonal concave cupola of second sort, into a bionic form of curved surfaces. Cupola is term taken from Johnson’s solids (J3, J4, J5), but in extended sense, for the lack of subsistent name, though its geometry is closest to the geometry of those Johnson’s solids. Geometry of octagonal concave cupola of second sort has subserved as a model for congenial geometrical form, which includes spherical segments instead of equilateral triangles and base polygons, by ablation of which we obtain a close spatial form. The methods of Constructive geometry are applied in the paper. Since the coordinates of the points and the parameters of octagonal concave cupola of second sort are known, they have been used for defining the spherical radii, which segments form a spatial structure, whereat the new polispherical shape, with its new qualities would be obtained, instead of polyhedral. Four different spherical segments, would substitute a spatial hexahedral layout, consisted of six equilateral triangles, and the fifth would link them into a convergent ensemble, while the base polygon would be replaced with new spherical polygonal calotte. This form preserves altitudes, distances and symmetries of original polyhedron, by which transposing it is obtained. Although the majority of geometrical parameters are invariant to the original geometrical matrix, the new geometrical configurations are found, similar to the ones from nature, as the result of such a substitution of surfaces. They bring additional aesthetic, applicable and static properties, interesting for further researches. This shows that in the future implementation in constructive systems, the plane panels of equilateral triangles can be replaced by spherical shells. There would exist two variants of such a transposing of polyhedral surface to a polyspherical, whereat in the first case the spherical shells would be concave, and in second they would be convex, which refer to two variants of forming the envelope of concave cupola of second sort. The structure derived in this manner, can find its application in architecture, civil engineering, landscape architecture and design.
PB  - Dresden: Technische Universität Dresden; International Society for Geometry and Graphics (ISGG)
C3  - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geometry and Graphic - ICGG 2008
T1  - Transposing an Octogonal Cupola of Second Sort Into a Bionic Polyspherical Form
EP  - 9
SP  - 1
SP  - 114 (in Program book)
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2043
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Obradović, Marija and Jović, Biljana",
year = "2008",
abstract = "In the paper there is presented a method of transposing a polyhedral structure, composed of two
regular polygons: octagon and hexadecagon as the bases, and the envelope formed of equilateral triangular strip, which is named octagonal concave cupola of second sort, into a bionic form of curved surfaces. Cupola is term taken from Johnson’s solids (J3, J4, J5), but in extended sense, for the lack of subsistent name, though its geometry is closest to the geometry of those Johnson’s solids. Geometry of octagonal concave cupola of second sort has subserved as a model for congenial geometrical form, which includes spherical segments instead of equilateral triangles and base polygons, by ablation of which we obtain a close spatial form. The methods of Constructive geometry are applied in the paper. Since the coordinates of the points and the parameters of octagonal concave cupola of second sort are known, they have been used for defining the spherical radii, which segments form a spatial structure, whereat the new polispherical shape, with its new qualities would be obtained, instead of polyhedral. Four different spherical segments, would substitute a spatial hexahedral layout, consisted of six equilateral triangles, and the fifth would link them into a convergent ensemble, while the base polygon would be replaced with new spherical polygonal calotte. This form preserves altitudes, distances and symmetries of original polyhedron, by which transposing it is obtained. Although the majority of geometrical parameters are invariant to the original geometrical matrix, the new geometrical configurations are found, similar to the ones from nature, as the result of such a substitution of surfaces. They bring additional aesthetic, applicable and static properties, interesting for further researches. This shows that in the future implementation in constructive systems, the plane panels of equilateral triangles can be replaced by spherical shells. There would exist two variants of such a transposing of polyhedral surface to a polyspherical, whereat in the first case the spherical shells would be concave, and in second they would be convex, which refer to two variants of forming the envelope of concave cupola of second sort. The structure derived in this manner, can find its application in architecture, civil engineering, landscape architecture and design.",
publisher = "Dresden: Technische Universität Dresden; International Society for Geometry and Graphics (ISGG)",
journal = "Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geometry and Graphic - ICGG 2008",
title = "Transposing an Octogonal Cupola of Second Sort Into a Bionic Polyspherical Form",
pages = "9-1-114 (in Program book)",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2043"
}

Obradović, M.,& Jović, B.. (2008). Transposing an Octogonal Cupola of Second Sort Into a Bionic Polyspherical Form. in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geometry and Graphic - ICGG 2008
Dresden: Technische Universität Dresden; International Society for Geometry and Graphics (ISGG)., 1-9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2043

Obradović M, Jović B. Transposing an Octogonal Cupola of Second Sort Into a Bionic Polyspherical Form. in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geometry and Graphic - ICGG 2008. 2008;:1-9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2043 .

Obradović, Marija, Jović, Biljana, "Transposing an Octogonal Cupola of Second Sort Into a Bionic Polyspherical Form" in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Geometry and Graphic - ICGG 2008 (2008):1-9,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2043 .