Substrate4CLT - Towards Sustainable Buildings: Novel Strategies for the Design of Vibration Resistant Cross-Laminated Timber Floors

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Substrate4CLT - Towards Sustainable Buildings: Novel Strategies for the Design of Vibration Resistant Cross-Laminated Timber Floors (en)
Authors

Publications

Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors

Nefovska-Danilović, Marija; Racić, Vitomir; Milojević, Marija; Mišković, Zoran; Savatović, Siniša

(2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nefovska-Danilović, Marija
AU  - Racić, Vitomir
AU  - Milojević, Marija
AU  - Mišković, Zoran
AU  - Savatović, Siniša
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3408
AB  - Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors have gained in popularity due to their outstanding strength,
aesthetic appeal, good fire resistance, and high level of prefabrication. However, due to their
high stiffness-to-weight ratio, CLT floors are highly susceptible to pedestrian-induced
vibrations. In design practice, vibration serviceability is usually assessed by assuming a floor as
a set of CLT panels with no inter-panel connections, which leads to overestimation of the
vibration response. In this paper, an experimental dynamic testing was carried out to identify
modal properties and pedestrian-induced response of two CLT floors with different number of
panels in a floor assembly. Influence of the inter-panel connections on the floor modal properties
and pedestrian-induced vibration response is particularly studied and discussed.
C3  - EURODYN 2023, XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics, 02-05 July 2023, Delft, The Netherlands
T1  - Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3408
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Nefovska-Danilović, Marija and Racić, Vitomir and Milojević, Marija and Mišković, Zoran and Savatović, Siniša",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors have gained in popularity due to their outstanding strength,
aesthetic appeal, good fire resistance, and high level of prefabrication. However, due to their
high stiffness-to-weight ratio, CLT floors are highly susceptible to pedestrian-induced
vibrations. In design practice, vibration serviceability is usually assessed by assuming a floor as
a set of CLT panels with no inter-panel connections, which leads to overestimation of the
vibration response. In this paper, an experimental dynamic testing was carried out to identify
modal properties and pedestrian-induced response of two CLT floors with different number of
panels in a floor assembly. Influence of the inter-panel connections on the floor modal properties
and pedestrian-induced vibration response is particularly studied and discussed.",
journal = "EURODYN 2023, XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics, 02-05 July 2023, Delft, The Netherlands",
title = "Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3408"
}
Nefovska-Danilović, M., Racić, V., Milojević, M., Mišković, Z.,& Savatović, S.. (2023). Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors. in EURODYN 2023, XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics, 02-05 July 2023, Delft, The Netherlands.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3408
Nefovska-Danilović M, Racić V, Milojević M, Mišković Z, Savatović S. Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors. in EURODYN 2023, XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics, 02-05 July 2023, Delft, The Netherlands. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3408 .
Nefovska-Danilović, Marija, Racić, Vitomir, Milojević, Marija, Mišković, Zoran, Savatović, Siniša, "Experimental modal analysis of cross-laminated timber floors" in EURODYN 2023, XII International Conference on Structural Dynamics, 02-05 July 2023, Delft, The Netherlands (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3408 .

Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements

Jočić, Emilija

(Univerzitet u Beogradu Građevinski fakultet Beograd, 2023)

TY  - THES
AU  - Jočić, Emilija
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3234
AB  - Laminar composites are extensively used in civil engendering due to their exceptional strength,
stiffness, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. They are ideal for high-reliability applications.
The 21st century’s focus on environmental protection has led to increased use of
natural-based materials like cross-laminated timber (CLT) in building construction. CLT panels
have a high stiffness-to-weight ratio, making them well-suited as load-bearing elements, such as
walls and floors. The optimal design of laminar composites is often hindered by uncertainties
in failure prediction and the computational costs associated with progressive failure analysis
(PFA), particularly for larger structures.
This study introduces a novel prediction model that combines the smeared crack band (SCB)
damage model with the full layerwise theory (FLWT). The aim is to enhance the computational
efficiency of PFA in laminar composites while maintaining the accuracy of 3D finite element
models. The SCB model accurately captures the response of damaged lamina in both fiber
and matrix directions using distinct strain-softening curves, ensuring a precise representation
of post-failure behaviour. The damage law is derived based on the assumption that the total
energy required to cause failure in an element (released strain energy) is equivalent to the energy
necessary to create a crack passing through it. To alleviate mesh dependency, the fracture energy
is scaled by a characteristic element length. Failure initiation and modes are determined using
the Hashin failure criterion. Furthermore, the model is extended to consider different failure
behaviour of timber in tension and compression. This extension enhances the computational
framework’s applicability to the field of computational mechanics for bio-based composites, such
as CLT. The validity of the model is then confirmed through an extensive experimental program
carried out at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade.
Application of layered finite elements for continuum damage modelling in laminar composites
remains largely unexplored in literature, particularly when combined with the SCB damage
model. The FLWT-based model accurately captures the 3D stress state within each lamina,
including continuous transverse stresses between adjacent layers, crucial for accurate prediction
of failure initiation. Furthermore, the FLWT demonstrates a weak correlation between the size
of the considered domain and the mesh, presenting a notable difference from standard finite
element models. The developed FLWT-SCB prediction model is integrated into an original
FLWTFEM framework, offering a user-friendly graphical environment for easy visualization
of input and output data. The proposed model’s efficiency has been verified using numerous
benchmark examples during progressive failure analyses of laminar composites and CLT panels
with arbitrary geometries, loading and boudary conditions and stacking sequences. The model
has demonstrated its accuracy in predicting the response of both intact and damaged laminar
composites, and valuable recommendations for future research in this field are included.
AB  - Zbog svojih izuzetnih materijalnih karakteristika u pogledu čvrstoće i krutosti, male sopstvene
težine, otpornosti na koroziju i niskih troškova održavanja, kompozitni laminati imaju potencijal
za upotrebu u građevinarstvu. Sa porastom svesti o zaštiti životne sredine u 21. veku, sve je
češća upotreba prirodnih materijala. U skladu sa tim, u građevinarstvu sve veću popularnost
stiče kompozitni laminat na bazi drveta - unakrsno-lamelirano drvo (CLT). Zbog visokog odnosa
krutosti i sopstvene težine CLT-a, moguće je projektovati elemente male težine i velikog raspona.
Nepouzdanost u predviđanju ponašanja oštećenih kompozitnih laminata, kao i kompleksnost
proračuna progresivnog loma znatno otežavaju njihovo projektovanje.
U okviru ove disertacije je razvijen numerički model za analizu progresivnog loma kompozitnih
laminata, koristeći model razmazane pukotine (eng. "smeared crack band" - SCB) i slojevitu
teoriju ploča. Model poseduje kapacitet trodimenzionalnih numeričkih modela uz smanjeno
trajanje proračuna, čime se povećava efikasnost numeričke analize. Kod SCB modela, ponašanje
oštećene lamine je opisano različitim krivama loma u naponsko-deformacijskom prostoru, kako
bi se u makroskopskom pogledu opisala propagacija oštećenja koje nastaje usled kidanja vlakana
i matrice, respektivno. Zakon omekšavanja materijala je određen na osnovu pretpostavke da je
oslobođena energija deformacije jednaka energiji potrebnoj da dođe do loma vlakana, odnosno
kidanja matrice. Inicijacija i oblici loma su određeni primenom Hashin-ovog kriterijuma loma.
Nakon toga, izvršena je modifikacija modela kako bi se opisalo različito ponašanje drveta pri
zatezanju i pritisku. Na taj način, mogućnosti razvijenog numeričkog modela su proširene
i na analizu progresivnog loma prirodnih kompozitnih laminata, kao što je CLT. Validnost
predloženog modela je potvrđena kroz detaljna eksperimentalna ispitivanja na Građevinskom
fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Upotreba slojevitih konačnih elemenata u analizi progresivnog loma je u velikoj meri neistražena
u literaturi, posebno u kombinaciji sa SCB degradacijskim modelima, gde slojeviti model
ploče treba objediniti sa fenomenima mehanike loma. Numerički model, zasnovan na slojevitoj
teoriji ploča, omogućava precizno određivanje prostornog stanja napona, zadovoljavajući uslove
ravnoteže međulaminarnih napona, što je veoma bitno prilikom predviđanja inicijacije loma.
Takođe, pri modeliranju većih konstrukcija, primenom slojevite teorije ploča omogućava se
znatno smanjenje broja konačnih elemenata u poređenju sa postojećim numeričkim modelima.
Razvijeni numerički model je implementiran u FLWTFEM kod, čime je obezbeđeno puno
grafičko okruženje, pogodno za vizualizaciju ulaznih podataka i rezultata proračuna. Efikasnost
predloženog modela je verifikovana korišćenjem brojnih referentnih numeričkih primera, prilikom
analize progresivnog loma kompozitnih laminata i CLT panela sa proizvoljnom geometrijom,
opterećenjem, graničnim uslovima i orijentacijom slojeva. Potvrđena je tačnost predloženog
modela u predviđanju odgovora kako neoštećenih tako i oštećenih kompozitnih laminata, a date
su i važne preporuke za buduća istraživanja u ovoj oblasti.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu Građevinski fakultet Beograd
T1  - Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements
T1  - Analiza progresivnog loma kompozitnih laminata u uslovima prostornog stanja napona primenom slojevitih konačnih elemenata
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3234
ER  - 
@phdthesis{
author = "Jočić, Emilija",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Laminar composites are extensively used in civil engendering due to their exceptional strength,
stiffness, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness. They are ideal for high-reliability applications.
The 21st century’s focus on environmental protection has led to increased use of
natural-based materials like cross-laminated timber (CLT) in building construction. CLT panels
have a high stiffness-to-weight ratio, making them well-suited as load-bearing elements, such as
walls and floors. The optimal design of laminar composites is often hindered by uncertainties
in failure prediction and the computational costs associated with progressive failure analysis
(PFA), particularly for larger structures.
This study introduces a novel prediction model that combines the smeared crack band (SCB)
damage model with the full layerwise theory (FLWT). The aim is to enhance the computational
efficiency of PFA in laminar composites while maintaining the accuracy of 3D finite element
models. The SCB model accurately captures the response of damaged lamina in both fiber
and matrix directions using distinct strain-softening curves, ensuring a precise representation
of post-failure behaviour. The damage law is derived based on the assumption that the total
energy required to cause failure in an element (released strain energy) is equivalent to the energy
necessary to create a crack passing through it. To alleviate mesh dependency, the fracture energy
is scaled by a characteristic element length. Failure initiation and modes are determined using
the Hashin failure criterion. Furthermore, the model is extended to consider different failure
behaviour of timber in tension and compression. This extension enhances the computational
framework’s applicability to the field of computational mechanics for bio-based composites, such
as CLT. The validity of the model is then confirmed through an extensive experimental program
carried out at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade.
Application of layered finite elements for continuum damage modelling in laminar composites
remains largely unexplored in literature, particularly when combined with the SCB damage
model. The FLWT-based model accurately captures the 3D stress state within each lamina,
including continuous transverse stresses between adjacent layers, crucial for accurate prediction
of failure initiation. Furthermore, the FLWT demonstrates a weak correlation between the size
of the considered domain and the mesh, presenting a notable difference from standard finite
element models. The developed FLWT-SCB prediction model is integrated into an original
FLWTFEM framework, offering a user-friendly graphical environment for easy visualization
of input and output data. The proposed model’s efficiency has been verified using numerous
benchmark examples during progressive failure analyses of laminar composites and CLT panels
with arbitrary geometries, loading and boudary conditions and stacking sequences. The model
has demonstrated its accuracy in predicting the response of both intact and damaged laminar
composites, and valuable recommendations for future research in this field are included., Zbog svojih izuzetnih materijalnih karakteristika u pogledu čvrstoće i krutosti, male sopstvene
težine, otpornosti na koroziju i niskih troškova održavanja, kompozitni laminati imaju potencijal
za upotrebu u građevinarstvu. Sa porastom svesti o zaštiti životne sredine u 21. veku, sve je
češća upotreba prirodnih materijala. U skladu sa tim, u građevinarstvu sve veću popularnost
stiče kompozitni laminat na bazi drveta - unakrsno-lamelirano drvo (CLT). Zbog visokog odnosa
krutosti i sopstvene težine CLT-a, moguće je projektovati elemente male težine i velikog raspona.
Nepouzdanost u predviđanju ponašanja oštećenih kompozitnih laminata, kao i kompleksnost
proračuna progresivnog loma znatno otežavaju njihovo projektovanje.
U okviru ove disertacije je razvijen numerički model za analizu progresivnog loma kompozitnih
laminata, koristeći model razmazane pukotine (eng. "smeared crack band" - SCB) i slojevitu
teoriju ploča. Model poseduje kapacitet trodimenzionalnih numeričkih modela uz smanjeno
trajanje proračuna, čime se povećava efikasnost numeričke analize. Kod SCB modela, ponašanje
oštećene lamine je opisano različitim krivama loma u naponsko-deformacijskom prostoru, kako
bi se u makroskopskom pogledu opisala propagacija oštećenja koje nastaje usled kidanja vlakana
i matrice, respektivno. Zakon omekšavanja materijala je određen na osnovu pretpostavke da je
oslobođena energija deformacije jednaka energiji potrebnoj da dođe do loma vlakana, odnosno
kidanja matrice. Inicijacija i oblici loma su određeni primenom Hashin-ovog kriterijuma loma.
Nakon toga, izvršena je modifikacija modela kako bi se opisalo različito ponašanje drveta pri
zatezanju i pritisku. Na taj način, mogućnosti razvijenog numeričkog modela su proširene
i na analizu progresivnog loma prirodnih kompozitnih laminata, kao što je CLT. Validnost
predloženog modela je potvrđena kroz detaljna eksperimentalna ispitivanja na Građevinskom
fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu.
Upotreba slojevitih konačnih elemenata u analizi progresivnog loma je u velikoj meri neistražena
u literaturi, posebno u kombinaciji sa SCB degradacijskim modelima, gde slojeviti model
ploče treba objediniti sa fenomenima mehanike loma. Numerički model, zasnovan na slojevitoj
teoriji ploča, omogućava precizno određivanje prostornog stanja napona, zadovoljavajući uslove
ravnoteže međulaminarnih napona, što je veoma bitno prilikom predviđanja inicijacije loma.
Takođe, pri modeliranju većih konstrukcija, primenom slojevite teorije ploča omogućava se
znatno smanjenje broja konačnih elemenata u poređenju sa postojećim numeričkim modelima.
Razvijeni numerički model je implementiran u FLWTFEM kod, čime je obezbeđeno puno
grafičko okruženje, pogodno za vizualizaciju ulaznih podataka i rezultata proračuna. Efikasnost
predloženog modela je verifikovana korišćenjem brojnih referentnih numeričkih primera, prilikom
analize progresivnog loma kompozitnih laminata i CLT panela sa proizvoljnom geometrijom,
opterećenjem, graničnim uslovima i orijentacijom slojeva. Potvrđena je tačnost predloženog
modela u predviđanju odgovora kako neoštećenih tako i oštećenih kompozitnih laminata, a date
su i važne preporuke za buduća istraživanja u ovoj oblasti.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu Građevinski fakultet Beograd",
title = "Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements, Analiza progresivnog loma kompozitnih laminata u uslovima prostornog stanja napona primenom slojevitih konačnih elemenata",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3234"
}
Jočić, E.. (2023). Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements. 
Univerzitet u Beogradu Građevinski fakultet Beograd..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3234
Jočić E. Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3234 .
Jočić, Emilija, "Progressive failure analysis of laminar composites under three-dimensional stress state using layered finite elements" (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3234 .

Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations

Simović, Nađa; Glišović, Ivan; Todorović, Marija

(Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia, 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simović, Nađa
AU  - Glišović, Ivan
AU  - Todorović, Marija
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3049
AB  - Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative engineering wood product made by gluing layers of solid timber boards placed in an orthogonally alternating orientation to the neighbouring layers. CLT panels provide an efficient solution for floors in single- and multi-storey buildings. Due to their light weight and often long-span, the design of these floors is generally governed by serviceability limit state criteria, that is, deflection or vibration limits. Vibrations induced by dynamic actions, such as people walking and their everyday activities, cannot result in structural failure but may cause discomfort to occupants if vibrations are not properly controlled. This paper gives an overview of some available methods for the vibration serviceability design of residential CLT floors. Differences between these methods are discussed through the consideration of criteria and their limit values. Although some criteria are common to certain methods, it may happen that the same criteria take into account different factors. In order to get a better description of the actual behaviour of floor structure, certain classifications of floors based on vibration serviceability performance were introduced in design methods.
PB  - Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia
PB  - University of Belgrade Faculty of Civil Engineering
PB  - Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia
T2  - Building Materials and Structures
T1  - Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations
VL  - 66 (2023) 69-78
DO  - 10.5937/GRMK2301069S
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Simović, Nađa and Glišović, Ivan and Todorović, Marija",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative engineering wood product made by gluing layers of solid timber boards placed in an orthogonally alternating orientation to the neighbouring layers. CLT panels provide an efficient solution for floors in single- and multi-storey buildings. Due to their light weight and often long-span, the design of these floors is generally governed by serviceability limit state criteria, that is, deflection or vibration limits. Vibrations induced by dynamic actions, such as people walking and their everyday activities, cannot result in structural failure but may cause discomfort to occupants if vibrations are not properly controlled. This paper gives an overview of some available methods for the vibration serviceability design of residential CLT floors. Differences between these methods are discussed through the consideration of criteria and their limit values. Although some criteria are common to certain methods, it may happen that the same criteria take into account different factors. In order to get a better description of the actual behaviour of floor structure, certain classifications of floors based on vibration serviceability performance were introduced in design methods.",
publisher = "Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia, University of Belgrade Faculty of Civil Engineering, Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "Building Materials and Structures",
title = "Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations",
volume = "66 (2023) 69-78",
doi = "10.5937/GRMK2301069S"
}
Simović, N., Glišović, I.,& Todorović, M.. (2023). Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations. in Building Materials and Structures
Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia., 66 (2023) 69-78.
https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK2301069S
Simović N, Glišović I, Todorović M. Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations. in Building Materials and Structures. 2023;66 (2023) 69-78.
doi:10.5937/GRMK2301069S .
Simović, Nađa, Glišović, Ivan, Todorović, Marija, "Design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors for human-induced vibrations" in Building Materials and Structures, 66 (2023) 69-78 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.5937/GRMK2301069S . .
1

Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood

Todorović, Marija; Simović, Nađa; Glišović, Ivan

(MASE - Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers, 2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Todorović, Marija
AU  - Simović, Nađa
AU  - Glišović, Ivan
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3185
AB  - Cross laminated timber (CLT) is relatively new engineering wood product made by gluing cross-wise layers of solid timber boards to form large-scale panels. Due to excellent in-plane and out-of-plane resistance, CLT panels have become very common as wall and floor structural elements. CLT is validated as an excellent alternative to more traditional construction materials like reinforced concrete and steel for use in single- and multi-storey buildings.
This paper presents an experimental study conducted on five-layer CLT panels manufactured using spruce boards. The panels were tested in four-point bending configuration, loaded in the out-of-plane direction. Bending behaviour of CLT panels in the major axis orientation was evaluated through failure modes, load-deflection relationship, ultimate moment capacity, stiffness and strain distribution profile. The obtained experimental results indicated brittle failure modes and linear load-deflection relationship up to failure. In addition, strain distributions of panels were quite linear during the entire loading, confirming the assumption that plane sections remain plane after bending.
Bending response of CLT panels was also investigated using finite element modelling. The stress and deflection analysis was executed in the RFEM software using the RF-LAMINATE module. The calculation was carried out according to the laminate theory, taking into account shear coupling of layers. A good agreement between the results of numerical model and experimental investigation was found.
PB  - MASE - Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers
C3  - Proceedings from the 20th International Symposium of MASE
T1  - Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3185
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Todorović, Marija and Simović, Nađa and Glišović, Ivan",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Cross laminated timber (CLT) is relatively new engineering wood product made by gluing cross-wise layers of solid timber boards to form large-scale panels. Due to excellent in-plane and out-of-plane resistance, CLT panels have become very common as wall and floor structural elements. CLT is validated as an excellent alternative to more traditional construction materials like reinforced concrete and steel for use in single- and multi-storey buildings.
This paper presents an experimental study conducted on five-layer CLT panels manufactured using spruce boards. The panels were tested in four-point bending configuration, loaded in the out-of-plane direction. Bending behaviour of CLT panels in the major axis orientation was evaluated through failure modes, load-deflection relationship, ultimate moment capacity, stiffness and strain distribution profile. The obtained experimental results indicated brittle failure modes and linear load-deflection relationship up to failure. In addition, strain distributions of panels were quite linear during the entire loading, confirming the assumption that plane sections remain plane after bending.
Bending response of CLT panels was also investigated using finite element modelling. The stress and deflection analysis was executed in the RFEM software using the RF-LAMINATE module. The calculation was carried out according to the laminate theory, taking into account shear coupling of layers. A good agreement between the results of numerical model and experimental investigation was found.",
publisher = "MASE - Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers",
journal = "Proceedings from the 20th International Symposium of MASE",
title = "Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3185"
}
Todorović, M., Simović, N.,& Glišović, I.. (2023). Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood. in Proceedings from the 20th International Symposium of MASE
MASE - Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3185
Todorović M, Simović N, Glišović I. Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood. in Proceedings from the 20th International Symposium of MASE. 2023;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3185 .
Todorović, Marija, Simović, Nađa, Glišović, Ivan, "Bending behaviour of cross laminated timber panels made from locally sourced spruce wood" in Proceedings from the 20th International Symposium of MASE (2023),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_3185 .

Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests

Todorović, Marija; Pavlović, Marko; Glišović, Ivan; Koetsier, Mathieu

(2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Todorović, Marija
AU  - Pavlović, Marko
AU  - Glišović, Ivan
AU  - Koetsier, Mathieu
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3124
AB  - This paper presents an experimental procedure for obtaining the fracture resistance (R curve) of solid wood specimens made of spruce. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests were performed in order to determine energy release rate vs crack length in Mode I wood fracture (crack opening). Ten wood specimens were loaded using the Universal Testing Machine and force-displacement curves were recorded. The most important parameter - crack length was monitored as the crack propagates using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. In order to obtain accurate R curve results, procedure which includes calculating cumulative released energy was employed. The cohesive energy Gf was determined based on the R curves. These results can further be analysed in order to obtain cohesive law for Mode I fracture of wood.
C3  - Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023, Oslo
T1  - Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests
DO  - 10.52202/069179-0055
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Todorović, Marija and Pavlović, Marko and Glišović, Ivan and Koetsier, Mathieu",
year = "2023",
abstract = "This paper presents an experimental procedure for obtaining the fracture resistance (R curve) of solid wood specimens made of spruce. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests were performed in order to determine energy release rate vs crack length in Mode I wood fracture (crack opening). Ten wood specimens were loaded using the Universal Testing Machine and force-displacement curves were recorded. The most important parameter - crack length was monitored as the crack propagates using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. In order to obtain accurate R curve results, procedure which includes calculating cumulative released energy was employed. The cohesive energy Gf was determined based on the R curves. These results can further be analysed in order to obtain cohesive law for Mode I fracture of wood.",
journal = "Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023, Oslo",
title = "Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests",
doi = "10.52202/069179-0055"
}
Todorović, M., Pavlović, M., Glišović, I.,& Koetsier, M.. (2023). Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests. in Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023, Oslo.
https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0055
Todorović M, Pavlović M, Glišović I, Koetsier M. Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests. in Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023, Oslo. 2023;.
doi:10.52202/069179-0055 .
Todorović, Marija, Pavlović, Marko, Glišović, Ivan, Koetsier, Mathieu, "Experimental determination of R curves for European spruce using DCB tests" in Proceedings from the 13th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023, Oslo (2023),
https://doi.org/10.52202/069179-0055 . .

Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors

Racić, Vitomir; Nefovska-Danilović, Marija; Milojević, Marija; Marjanović, Miroslav

(2023)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Racić, Vitomir
AU  - Nefovska-Danilović, Marija
AU  - Milojević, Marija
AU  - Marjanović, Miroslav
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3187
AB  - Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically composed of prefabricated CLT panels assembled on a construction site. The actual connections are commonly disregarded at design stage. CLT floors are modelled either as a monolithic slab or more frequently as a collection of CLT panels with no connections. This paper presents a numerical study designed to demonstrate the effect of two common inter-panel connections, i.e. single surface spline and half-lapped joint, on vibration modes of various CLT floor configurations. The inter-panel connections are modelled as an equivalent 2D elastic strip between the CLT panels. This uncomplicated yet robust approximation of reality can be used readily in design practice, regardless finite element (FE) software used to determine modal properties of a floor. The corresponding monolithic floors and those without inter-panel connections are studied for comparison. The results showed that the common practice of modelling CLT floors either as monolithic slabs or as a set of independent panels should come to an end.
C3  - International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures EVACE, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, August 30 – September 1, 2023S 2023
T1  - Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors
EP  - 598
SP  - 589
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_60
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Racić, Vitomir and Nefovska-Danilović, Marija and Milojević, Marija and Marjanović, Miroslav",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically composed of prefabricated CLT panels assembled on a construction site. The actual connections are commonly disregarded at design stage. CLT floors are modelled either as a monolithic slab or more frequently as a collection of CLT panels with no connections. This paper presents a numerical study designed to demonstrate the effect of two common inter-panel connections, i.e. single surface spline and half-lapped joint, on vibration modes of various CLT floor configurations. The inter-panel connections are modelled as an equivalent 2D elastic strip between the CLT panels. This uncomplicated yet robust approximation of reality can be used readily in design practice, regardless finite element (FE) software used to determine modal properties of a floor. The corresponding monolithic floors and those without inter-panel connections are studied for comparison. The results showed that the common practice of modelling CLT floors either as monolithic slabs or as a set of independent panels should come to an end.",
journal = "International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures EVACE, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, August 30 – September 1, 2023S 2023",
title = "Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors",
pages = "598-589",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_60"
}
Racić, V., Nefovska-Danilović, M., Milojević, M.,& Marjanović, M.. (2023). Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors. in International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures EVACE, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, August 30 – September 1, 2023S 2023, 589-598.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_60
Racić V, Nefovska-Danilović M, Milojević M, Marjanović M. Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors. in International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures EVACE, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, August 30 – September 1, 2023S 2023. 2023;:589-598.
doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_60 .
Racić, Vitomir, Nefovska-Danilović, Marija, Milojević, Marija, Marjanović, Miroslav, "Effect of Inter-panel Connections on Modal Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors" in International Conference on Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures EVACE, Politecnico di Milano, Italy, August 30 – September 1, 2023S 2023 (2023):589-598,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39109-5_60 . .

Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading

Milojević, Marija; Racić, Vitomir; Marjanović, Miroslav; Nefovska-Danilović, Marija

(2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milojević, Marija
AU  - Racić, Vitomir
AU  - Marjanović, Miroslav
AU  - Nefovska-Danilović, Marija
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2923
AB  - Long-span cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically an assembly of prefabricated CLT panels connected together on the site. The actual connections are commonly neglected in design calculations. Hence, a CLT floor is modelled either as a monolith slab or more frequently as a set of CLT panels with no connections at all. This paper presents a numerical study designed to examine the influence of two most common inter-panel connections , i.e. single surface spline and half-lapped joint, on vibration modes and vibration responses of a range of different CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading. Although the inter-panel connections are relatively complex in reality, they are modelled here as an equivalent 2D elastic strip between the CLT panels. This relatively simple yet robust model can be used with ease in design practice, regardless finite element (FE) software used to extract vibration modes of a CLT floor. The corresponding monolith floors and floors without inter-panel connections are studied for the comparison of the results. Vertical vibration responses are simulated for low-frequency and high-frequency floors using the corresponding walking force models given in a popular design guideline for footfall induced vibrations of civil engineering structures. Vibration responses were calculated for single pedestrian occupants and their walking paths parallel and perpendicular to the line of connection. The results showed that including the inter-panel connections in a FE model resulted in up to 2.5 higher RMS acceleration levels. Hence, the common practice of modelling CLT floors as monolith slabs or as a set of panels without connections should be left behind.
T2  - Engineering Structures
T1  - Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading
VL  - 277
DO  - 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115432
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Milojević, Marija and Racić, Vitomir and Marjanović, Miroslav and Nefovska-Danilović, Marija",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Long-span cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically an assembly of prefabricated CLT panels connected together on the site. The actual connections are commonly neglected in design calculations. Hence, a CLT floor is modelled either as a monolith slab or more frequently as a set of CLT panels with no connections at all. This paper presents a numerical study designed to examine the influence of two most common inter-panel connections , i.e. single surface spline and half-lapped joint, on vibration modes and vibration responses of a range of different CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading. Although the inter-panel connections are relatively complex in reality, they are modelled here as an equivalent 2D elastic strip between the CLT panels. This relatively simple yet robust model can be used with ease in design practice, regardless finite element (FE) software used to extract vibration modes of a CLT floor. The corresponding monolith floors and floors without inter-panel connections are studied for the comparison of the results. Vertical vibration responses are simulated for low-frequency and high-frequency floors using the corresponding walking force models given in a popular design guideline for footfall induced vibrations of civil engineering structures. Vibration responses were calculated for single pedestrian occupants and their walking paths parallel and perpendicular to the line of connection. The results showed that including the inter-panel connections in a FE model resulted in up to 2.5 higher RMS acceleration levels. Hence, the common practice of modelling CLT floors as monolith slabs or as a set of panels without connections should be left behind.",
journal = "Engineering Structures",
title = "Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading",
volume = "277",
doi = "10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115432"
}
Milojević, M., Racić, V., Marjanović, M.,& Nefovska-Danilović, M.. (2023). Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading. in Engineering Structures, 277.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115432
Milojević M, Racić V, Marjanović M, Nefovska-Danilović M. Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading. in Engineering Structures. 2023;277.
doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115432 .
Milojević, Marija, Racić, Vitomir, Marjanović, Miroslav, Nefovska-Danilović, Marija, "Influence of inter-panel connections on vibration response of CLT floors due to pedestrian-induced loading" in Engineering Structures, 277 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115432 . .
4

Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors

Milojević, Marija; Ljaljević, Strahinja; Racić, Vitomir; Marjanović, Miroslav; Nefovska-Danilović, Marija

(Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia, 2022)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milojević, Marija
AU  - Ljaljević, Strahinja
AU  - Racić, Vitomir
AU  - Marjanović, Miroslav
AU  - Nefovska-Danilović, Marija
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2717
AB  - Trends in contemporary architecture towards open-plan spaces in commercial and residential
buildings have created problems with excessive vibrations of large-span floors induced by active
people. Solving vibration serviceability problems of as-built structures is costly and time-consuming.
Therefore, such a problem is the most efficiently and economically addressed at the
design stage. This paper presents software developed by the authors for assessing pedestrian-induced
vibrations of floors. The software is designed as a user-friendly graphical interface that
could be utilised in everyday design practice.
AB  - Trendovi u savremenoj arhitekturi, koji diktiraju projektovanje komercijalnih i stambenih zgrada
sa otvorenim prostorom, prouzrokovali su problem prekomernih vibracija međuspratnih
konstrukcija velikih raspona usled aktivnosti ljudi koji se po njima kreću. Saniranje prekomernih
vibracija već izgrađenih konstrukcija je skupo i vremenski zahtevno. Zbog toga je najefikasnije
i najekonomičnije ovaj problem eliminisati već u fazi projektovanja. U radu je predstavljen
softver za procenu vibracija međuspratnih konstrukcija izazvanih pešačkim opterećenjem,
jednostavnog grafičkog okruženja i pogodan za svakodnevnu upotrebu u projektovanju.
PB  - Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia
C3  - 16th Congress hosted by Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia
T1  - Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors
T1  - Softver za proračun vibracija međuspratnih konstrukcija usled dinamičke sile pešaka
EP  - 265
SP  - 256
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2717
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Milojević, Marija and Ljaljević, Strahinja and Racić, Vitomir and Marjanović, Miroslav and Nefovska-Danilović, Marija",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Trends in contemporary architecture towards open-plan spaces in commercial and residential
buildings have created problems with excessive vibrations of large-span floors induced by active
people. Solving vibration serviceability problems of as-built structures is costly and time-consuming.
Therefore, such a problem is the most efficiently and economically addressed at the
design stage. This paper presents software developed by the authors for assessing pedestrian-induced
vibrations of floors. The software is designed as a user-friendly graphical interface that
could be utilised in everyday design practice., Trendovi u savremenoj arhitekturi, koji diktiraju projektovanje komercijalnih i stambenih zgrada
sa otvorenim prostorom, prouzrokovali su problem prekomernih vibracija međuspratnih
konstrukcija velikih raspona usled aktivnosti ljudi koji se po njima kreću. Saniranje prekomernih
vibracija već izgrađenih konstrukcija je skupo i vremenski zahtevno. Zbog toga je najefikasnije
i najekonomičnije ovaj problem eliminisati već u fazi projektovanja. U radu je predstavljen
softver za procenu vibracija međuspratnih konstrukcija izazvanih pešačkim opterećenjem,
jednostavnog grafičkog okruženja i pogodan za svakodnevnu upotrebu u projektovanju.",
publisher = "Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia",
journal = "16th Congress hosted by Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia",
title = "Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors, Softver za proračun vibracija međuspratnih konstrukcija usled dinamičke sile pešaka",
pages = "265-256",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2717"
}
Milojević, M., Ljaljević, S., Racić, V., Marjanović, M.,& Nefovska-Danilović, M.. (2022). Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors. in 16th Congress hosted by Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia
Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia., 256-265.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2717
Milojević M, Ljaljević S, Racić V, Marjanović M, Nefovska-Danilović M. Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors. in 16th Congress hosted by Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia. 2022;:256-265.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2717 .
Milojević, Marija, Ljaljević, Strahinja, Racić, Vitomir, Marjanović, Miroslav, Nefovska-Danilović, Marija, "Software for calculation of pedestrian-induced vibration of floors" in 16th Congress hosted by Association of Structural Engineers of Serbia (2022):256-265,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_grafar_2717 .