Improving quality of drinking water in the water treatment plant by decrease of hardness with respect to sodium concentration control

Abstract

In this research the object of the analysis was the groundwater used for drinking which needs certain improvements. Improvements involve removal of magnesium and manganese. Improvements also mean the choice of proper water treatment technology which could meet the standards for drinking water quality. Technologies that are suitable for removal of these ions vary from classical to modern. Lime was not considered, ion exchange was an option, but membrane technologies were the ones that meet all the criteria. Since reverse osmosis (RO) is very expensive, and nanofiltration (NF) meets the required removal demands, meaning removal of divalent ions, it has been selected as the right choice for this case.