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ODŠTETNI ZAHTEVI NA GRAĐEVINSKIM PROJEKTIMA – KVANTIFIKACIJA I PREVENCIJA

CLAIMS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS – QUANTIFICATION AND PREVENTION

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Stojadinović, Zoran I.
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Abstract
Odštetni zahtevi predstavljaju veoma značajnu temu zato što njihova novčana vrednost može biti vrlo velika dok kvantifikacija nije egzaktna i kreće se u praksi u rasponu 1:3 u zavisnosti od primenjenih metoda koje su redom obrađene u radu. Preduslov za objektivnu kvantifikaciju je kvalitetan i transparentan dinamički plan sa jasno uočljivim vezama, rezervama, tokovima i učincima. Za proračun produžetka roka najbolje je primenjivati metodu prozora za manje, a replaniranje za veće poremećaje. U okviru kvantifikacije troškova obrađene su metode proračuna režijskih troškova i njihovo preklapanje. Posebno je istaknut originalan pristup troškovima neuposlene mehanizacije. Prevencija odštetnih zahteva podrazumeva proaktivni pristup upravljanju projektom u ranim fazama ralizacije – projektovanju, tenderskim procedurama i ugovaranju. Date su preporuke za prevenciju iz ugla investitora i izvođača po fazama realizacije projekta. Za investitora ključno je projektovanje a za izvođača planiranje i... kontrola realizacije. U fazi gradnje obostrano je važna pisana komunikacija i rano rešavanje sporova prijateljskim poravnanjem pre nego što eskaliraju ka spoljnoj medijaciji. Primenom predloženih mera prevencije značajno se smanuje verovatnoća pojave odštetnih zahteva. Ako se ipak dogode, primena predloženih metoda kvantifikacije ubrzaće proces rešavanja i smanjiti verovatnoću da završe na arbitraži. Za kvantifikaciju i prevenciju presudno je važno da inženjeri uzmu aktivno učešće u pisanju i usaglašavanju ugovornih članova za čiju realizaciju će biti zaduženi.

The claims represent a very important topic because their monetary value can be very high while their quantification is not exact and it ranges from 1:3 in practice, depending on the methods applied. The methods have been explained in this paper. A prerequisite for the objective quantification are quality, transparent schedules with clearly visible links, floats, flows and performance. For the calculation of the extension of time, it is best to apply the windows method for smaller, and re-planning for major disturbances. Within the quantification of costs, the methods of calculating overhead costs and their overlapping were explained. Particular emphasis was given to the original approach to the costs of idle equipment. Prevention of claims on construction projects requires a proactive approach to project management in the early project stages - design, tendering and contracting procedures. Recommendations for claim prevention are given, from the perspective of the investor and of th...e contractor, according to the project phases. Designing is crucial for investors, while planning and control are key for the contractor. In the construction phase, written communication and early settlement of disputes before escalating to external mediation are important. Applying the proposed prevention measures significantly reduces the likelihood of claims. If, however, they do occur, the application of the proposed method of quantification will accelerate the settlement process and reduce the probability of ending up in court. For claims quantification and prevention, it is crucial that engineers take an active part in writing and agreeing on the articles of the contract for whose implementation they will be in charge.

Keywords:
claim / extension of time / cost quantification / claim prevention
Source:
Contemporary Construction Practice 2018, 2018, 83-112

ISBN: 978-86-6022-041-9

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https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2173
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