An economical optimization model for earthmoving equipment selection using Linear Programming approach

Abstract

Cilj ovog istraživanja je određivanje modela ekonomske optimizacije izbora građevinske mehanizacije za zemljane radove - iskop zemlje treće kategorije korišćenjem pristupa linearnog programiranja. U građevinskoj praksi ovakav model ekonomske optimizacije se često naziva i uži izbor građevinske mehanizacije. Kako se prava vrednost ovakvog modela ogleda u njegovoj primeni na konkretnim građevinskim projektima, u okviru ovog rada isti je razvijen na konkretnom primeru iz prakse, a koji podrazumeva da se radovi realizuju u okviru projekta izgradnje stambeno-poslovnog kompleksa površine P=30.000,0 m2 u planiranom trajanju od τ=45 dana. Optimizacija je izvršena tako da tehnološki proces teče fluidno, bez značajnih zastoja, odnosno na način koji obezbeđuje maksimalnu uposlenost građevinske mehanizacije uz adekvatno zadovoljenje ekonomskih parametara produktivnosti i ekonomičnosti. Nakon razmatranja više potencijalnih kombinacija kao optimalana izabrana je kombinacija broj 3, odnosno dva dozera, četiri utovarivača i deset kamiona kipera. Pri ovakvom izboru jedinična cena radova iznosi 34,02 €/m3, dok je praktični učinak 203,25 m3/h. Ukupna cena svih radova je 3.061.800,00 €, a ukupno trajanje iskopa iznosi 44,3 dana.

The aim of this research is determination of an economical optimization model for earthmoving equipment selection using linear programming approach. In construction practice model along these lines is often called shortlist of construction equipment. Bearing in mind that actual practical value of the following model is in its application on particular construction projects, in this paper aforementioned model is developed and proved on the practical example, which implies that works are being done within construction project of the residential-commercial building complex with total area of P=30.000,0 m2 during the period of τ=45 days. Optimization has been done in a manner which guarantees that technological process flows fluently, without significant congestions, or in other words, in a way that ensures employment maximization of the construction equipment, while in the same time economical and productivity parameters are adequately fulfilled. After considering several potential combinations, a combination No. 3 have been selected as optimal one i.e. two bulldozers, four loaders and ten dump trucks. With aforementioned choice, the unit price of the works is 34,02 €/m3, while practical productivity is 203,25 m3/h. The total cost of all works amounts 3.061.800,00 €, and the total duration of the excavation works is 44,3 days.