U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina
Preparing for Revitalization of the Turbines of the Đerdap 2 HPP: Measurement of Velocity Distribution at Turbine Inlets
Апстракт
Kontinualno merenje protoka na brojnim turbinama hidroelektrana se standardno radi nekom od relativnih metoda (na primer Winter-Kennedy). Umesto da se meri složeno polje brzina u jednoj proticajnoj ravni i da se njenom integracijom dobije protok, meri se samo jedna karakteristična veličina a na fizičkom modelu se odrede parametri preslikavanja vrednosti te veličine u trenutni protok. Najčešće se koristi Winter-Kennedy metoda gde se merenjem razlike pritisaka dobija relativna (indeksna) vrednost protoka. Merna nesigurnost tako određenog protoka je znatno veća od nesigurnosti merenja ostalih relevantnih veličina za određivanje optimalnih radnih uslova turbine. Da bi se smanjila merna nesigurnost, potrebno je „apsolutnim merenjima“ celog polja brzina odrediti trenutni protok i preračunati, u realnim uslovima, korekcije indeksne metode. To se posebno odnosi na hidroelektrane čija dispozicija nije „idealna“ kao što je bila na fizičkom modelu, kao što je HE „Đerdap 2“ sa poznatim problemom „...kosog dostrujavanja“. Sa ciljem bolje procene hidrauličke efikasnosti turbina i prikupljanja podataka o realnim uslovima rada turbina i ulazne rešetke, a zbog planiranih radova na revitalizaciji, projektovan je i primenjen inovativni sistem za apsolutno merenje protoka koji je prikazan u ovom radu. Na pokretni ram, pozicioniran na ulazu u turbinu uzvodno od grube rešetke, postavljeno je 15 elektromagnetnih (EM) senzora u jednoj horizontalnoj ravni, zajedno sa dva redudantna akustična Doppler senzora. Svaki od senzora meri sve tri komponente brzina. Ram se podiže duž cele visine proticajnog preseka snimajući celo polje brzina. Položaj rama se prati pomoću dva enkodera, dok se dva senzora pritiska koriste za merenje dubine vode. Merenja su sinhronizovana sa lokalnim SCADA sistemom odakle se preuzimaju podaci o radu turbine. Uvažavajući specifičnosti mernog sistema, novorazvijenih EM sondi i postojećih hidrauličkih uslova, razvijena je adekvatna procedura za procenu nesigurnosti izmerenog protoka. U ovom radu je prikazana merna metoda i dati su neki rezultati merenja na agregatima HE „Đerdap 2“.
The continuous flow measurement on hydroelectric turbine units is conventionally carried out using the relative methods (mostly Winter-Kennedy), where the complex velocity field in flow cross section is replaced by a single measured quantity. On a physical model, mapping parameters are determined. The Winter-Kennedy method is most used, where this relative (index) flow quantity is obtained by measuring differential pressure. The measurement uncertainty of the determined flow using this method is usually significantly higher than the uncertainty of other relevant quantities for determining the optimal turbine operating conditions. To reduce the flow uncertainty, it is necessary to perform "absolute measurements" of the entire velocity field and determine the necessary corrections to the index method under real operating conditions. This is especially true for plants where disposition is different from one used on physical model, which is the case of “Đerdap 2” and recognized problem of ...skewed inflow. With the aim of better assessing the hydraulic efficiency of turbines and to collect data on the actual operating velocity distribution in the inlet section in front of trash-rack needed for planned revitalization works, an innovative system for absolute flow measurement has been designed and implemented. The moving frame was designed and installed at the turbine inlet, upstream from the trash-rack. The 15 electromagnetic (EM) sensors and two redundant acoustic Doppler sensors were installed on horizontal bar. Each sensor measures all three velocity components. The frame moves by lifting along the entire height of the flow section, allowing the entire velocity field to be scanned. The position of the frame is tracked by two encoders, while two pressure sensors are used to measure the water depth. Measurements are synchronized with the local SCADA system, so appropriate turbine operation data are also used. Considering the specificities of the measurement system itself with newly developed EM sensors, as well as hydraulic conditions, an adequate procedure has been developed to assess the uncertainty of the measured flow. This paper presents the measurement method and provides some measurement results on the units of the “Đerdap 2” hydroelectric power plant.
Кључне речи:
Merenje brzine / Merna nesigurnost / Elektromagnetni senzori / Hidroelektrane / Cevne turbine / Velocity measurement / Measuring uncertainty / Electromagnetic sensors / Hidro power units / Bulb turbinesИзвор:
Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija, 2024, 26, 1, 72-79Издавач:
- Savez energetičara
Финансирање / пројекти:
- PROMINENT - Prediction of damage evolution in engineeringstructures (RS-ScienceFundRS-Prizma2023_TT-7475)
Колекције
Институција/група
GraFarTY - JOUR AU - Prodanović, Dušan AU - Ivetić, Damjan AU - Vojt, Predrag AU - Ćušić, Milan PY - 2024 UR - https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3610 AB - Kontinualno merenje protoka na brojnim turbinama hidroelektrana se standardno radi nekom od relativnih metoda (na primer Winter-Kennedy). Umesto da se meri složeno polje brzina u jednoj proticajnoj ravni i da se njenom integracijom dobije protok, meri se samo jedna karakteristična veličina a na fizičkom modelu se odrede parametri preslikavanja vrednosti te veličine u trenutni protok. Najčešće se koristi Winter-Kennedy metoda gde se merenjem razlike pritisaka dobija relativna (indeksna) vrednost protoka. Merna nesigurnost tako određenog protoka je znatno veća od nesigurnosti merenja ostalih relevantnih veličina za određivanje optimalnih radnih uslova turbine. Da bi se smanjila merna nesigurnost, potrebno je „apsolutnim merenjima“ celog polja brzina odrediti trenutni protok i preračunati, u realnim uslovima, korekcije indeksne metode. To se posebno odnosi na hidroelektrane čija dispozicija nije „idealna“ kao što je bila na fizičkom modelu, kao što je HE „Đerdap 2“ sa poznatim problemom „kosog dostrujavanja“. Sa ciljem bolje procene hidrauličke efikasnosti turbina i prikupljanja podataka o realnim uslovima rada turbina i ulazne rešetke, a zbog planiranih radova na revitalizaciji, projektovan je i primenjen inovativni sistem za apsolutno merenje protoka koji je prikazan u ovom radu. Na pokretni ram, pozicioniran na ulazu u turbinu uzvodno od grube rešetke, postavljeno je 15 elektromagnetnih (EM) senzora u jednoj horizontalnoj ravni, zajedno sa dva redudantna akustična Doppler senzora. Svaki od senzora meri sve tri komponente brzina. Ram se podiže duž cele visine proticajnog preseka snimajući celo polje brzina. Položaj rama se prati pomoću dva enkodera, dok se dva senzora pritiska koriste za merenje dubine vode. Merenja su sinhronizovana sa lokalnim SCADA sistemom odakle se preuzimaju podaci o radu turbine. Uvažavajući specifičnosti mernog sistema, novorazvijenih EM sondi i postojećih hidrauličkih uslova, razvijena je adekvatna procedura za procenu nesigurnosti izmerenog protoka. U ovom radu je prikazana merna metoda i dati su neki rezultati merenja na agregatima HE „Đerdap 2“. AB - The continuous flow measurement on hydroelectric turbine units is conventionally carried out using the relative methods (mostly Winter-Kennedy), where the complex velocity field in flow cross section is replaced by a single measured quantity. On a physical model, mapping parameters are determined. The Winter-Kennedy method is most used, where this relative (index) flow quantity is obtained by measuring differential pressure. The measurement uncertainty of the determined flow using this method is usually significantly higher than the uncertainty of other relevant quantities for determining the optimal turbine operating conditions. To reduce the flow uncertainty, it is necessary to perform "absolute measurements" of the entire velocity field and determine the necessary corrections to the index method under real operating conditions. This is especially true for plants where disposition is different from one used on physical model, which is the case of “Đerdap 2” and recognized problem of skewed inflow. With the aim of better assessing the hydraulic efficiency of turbines and to collect data on the actual operating velocity distribution in the inlet section in front of trash-rack needed for planned revitalization works, an innovative system for absolute flow measurement has been designed and implemented. The moving frame was designed and installed at the turbine inlet, upstream from the trash-rack. The 15 electromagnetic (EM) sensors and two redundant acoustic Doppler sensors were installed on horizontal bar. Each sensor measures all three velocity components. The frame moves by lifting along the entire height of the flow section, allowing the entire velocity field to be scanned. The position of the frame is tracked by two encoders, while two pressure sensors are used to measure the water depth. Measurements are synchronized with the local SCADA system, so appropriate turbine operation data are also used. Considering the specificities of the measurement system itself with newly developed EM sensors, as well as hydraulic conditions, an adequate procedure has been developed to assess the uncertainty of the measured flow. This paper presents the measurement method and provides some measurement results on the units of the “Đerdap 2” hydroelectric power plant. PB - Savez energetičara T2 - Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija T1 - U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina T1 - Preparing for Revitalization of the Turbines of the Đerdap 2 HPP: Measurement of Velocity Distribution at Turbine Inlets EP - 79 IS - 1 SP - 72 VL - 26 DO - 10.46793/EEE24-1.72P ER -
@article{ author = "Prodanović, Dušan and Ivetić, Damjan and Vojt, Predrag and Ćušić, Milan", year = "2024", abstract = "Kontinualno merenje protoka na brojnim turbinama hidroelektrana se standardno radi nekom od relativnih metoda (na primer Winter-Kennedy). Umesto da se meri složeno polje brzina u jednoj proticajnoj ravni i da se njenom integracijom dobije protok, meri se samo jedna karakteristična veličina a na fizičkom modelu se odrede parametri preslikavanja vrednosti te veličine u trenutni protok. Najčešće se koristi Winter-Kennedy metoda gde se merenjem razlike pritisaka dobija relativna (indeksna) vrednost protoka. Merna nesigurnost tako određenog protoka je znatno veća od nesigurnosti merenja ostalih relevantnih veličina za određivanje optimalnih radnih uslova turbine. Da bi se smanjila merna nesigurnost, potrebno je „apsolutnim merenjima“ celog polja brzina odrediti trenutni protok i preračunati, u realnim uslovima, korekcije indeksne metode. To se posebno odnosi na hidroelektrane čija dispozicija nije „idealna“ kao što je bila na fizičkom modelu, kao što je HE „Đerdap 2“ sa poznatim problemom „kosog dostrujavanja“. Sa ciljem bolje procene hidrauličke efikasnosti turbina i prikupljanja podataka o realnim uslovima rada turbina i ulazne rešetke, a zbog planiranih radova na revitalizaciji, projektovan je i primenjen inovativni sistem za apsolutno merenje protoka koji je prikazan u ovom radu. Na pokretni ram, pozicioniran na ulazu u turbinu uzvodno od grube rešetke, postavljeno je 15 elektromagnetnih (EM) senzora u jednoj horizontalnoj ravni, zajedno sa dva redudantna akustična Doppler senzora. Svaki od senzora meri sve tri komponente brzina. Ram se podiže duž cele visine proticajnog preseka snimajući celo polje brzina. Položaj rama se prati pomoću dva enkodera, dok se dva senzora pritiska koriste za merenje dubine vode. Merenja su sinhronizovana sa lokalnim SCADA sistemom odakle se preuzimaju podaci o radu turbine. Uvažavajući specifičnosti mernog sistema, novorazvijenih EM sondi i postojećih hidrauličkih uslova, razvijena je adekvatna procedura za procenu nesigurnosti izmerenog protoka. U ovom radu je prikazana merna metoda i dati su neki rezultati merenja na agregatima HE „Đerdap 2“., The continuous flow measurement on hydroelectric turbine units is conventionally carried out using the relative methods (mostly Winter-Kennedy), where the complex velocity field in flow cross section is replaced by a single measured quantity. On a physical model, mapping parameters are determined. The Winter-Kennedy method is most used, where this relative (index) flow quantity is obtained by measuring differential pressure. The measurement uncertainty of the determined flow using this method is usually significantly higher than the uncertainty of other relevant quantities for determining the optimal turbine operating conditions. To reduce the flow uncertainty, it is necessary to perform "absolute measurements" of the entire velocity field and determine the necessary corrections to the index method under real operating conditions. This is especially true for plants where disposition is different from one used on physical model, which is the case of “Đerdap 2” and recognized problem of skewed inflow. With the aim of better assessing the hydraulic efficiency of turbines and to collect data on the actual operating velocity distribution in the inlet section in front of trash-rack needed for planned revitalization works, an innovative system for absolute flow measurement has been designed and implemented. The moving frame was designed and installed at the turbine inlet, upstream from the trash-rack. The 15 electromagnetic (EM) sensors and two redundant acoustic Doppler sensors were installed on horizontal bar. Each sensor measures all three velocity components. The frame moves by lifting along the entire height of the flow section, allowing the entire velocity field to be scanned. The position of the frame is tracked by two encoders, while two pressure sensors are used to measure the water depth. Measurements are synchronized with the local SCADA system, so appropriate turbine operation data are also used. Considering the specificities of the measurement system itself with newly developed EM sensors, as well as hydraulic conditions, an adequate procedure has been developed to assess the uncertainty of the measured flow. This paper presents the measurement method and provides some measurement results on the units of the “Đerdap 2” hydroelectric power plant.", publisher = "Savez energetičara", journal = "Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija", title = "U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina, Preparing for Revitalization of the Turbines of the Đerdap 2 HPP: Measurement of Velocity Distribution at Turbine Inlets", pages = "79-72", number = "1", volume = "26", doi = "10.46793/EEE24-1.72P" }
Prodanović, D., Ivetić, D., Vojt, P.,& Ćušić, M.. (2024). U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina. in Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija Savez energetičara., 26(1), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.46793/EEE24-1.72P
Prodanović D, Ivetić D, Vojt P, Ćušić M. U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina. in Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija. 2024;26(1):72-79. doi:10.46793/EEE24-1.72P .
Prodanović, Dušan, Ivetić, Damjan, Vojt, Predrag, Ćušić, Milan, "U susret revitalizaciji turbina HE Đerdap 2: Merenje rasporeda vektora brzina na ulazima turbina" in Energija, Ekonomija, Ekologija, 26, no. 1 (2024):72-79, https://doi.org/10.46793/EEE24-1.72P . .