Categories of reliability that should be analized during the planning and operation of water resources systems

Abstract

From the standpoint of reliability - a key indicator of the probabilistic effectiveness of systems - water resources systems (WRS) belong to the class of the most sensitive system with multiple categories of reliability. This reliability must be analyzed and verified during the planning and the operation of the system. However, some of these important reliability analyzes are not carried out promptly and comprehensively. As a consequence some incidental events occur (floods, surveyor events in the field of water quality, etc.) and they are usually treated as 'force majeure'. That approach does not draw conclusions for the necessary increase in the corresponding category of reliability. The aim of this article is to systematize the categories of reliability which must be analyzed, verified and keep up to date while using WRS. Key categories of reliability discussed here are: • reliability of water supply, • reliability in terms of failures, • operational readiness of the system, • reliability of constructiona and hydraulic structures, • hydrological system reliability, • reliability of the people who manage the systems, • suitability of the system for maintenance, • reliability of the system for monitoring facilities, • reliability from the standpoint of security in the WRS environment. The article discusses key aspects of those categories of reliability, the possibility of their incorporation in the design solutions - from the choice of system configuration and dimensioning of facilities, selection of related equipment, later updated to the reliability of the system during operation. These checks are necessary (but often ignored), because the reliability is dynamic category, which changes over time, and must be checked and increased to the necessary level.

Sa stanovišta pouzdanosti - ključnog pokazatelja probabilističke efektivnosti sistema - vodoprivredni sistemi (VS) spadaju u klasu najzahtevnijih sistema, sa brojnim kategorijama pouzdanosti koje treba analizirati i verifikovati tokom projektovanja, ali koje treba ažurno pratiti i tokom eksploatacije sistema. Pri planiranju, a naročito pri eksploataciji sistema neke od tih važnih provera pouzdanosti ne obavljaju se ažurno i celovito, zbog čega i nastupaju neki incidentni događaji (poplave, havarijski događaji na planu kvaliteta voda, itd.) koji se, najčešće, podvedu pod 'višu silu'. A to je loše, jer se ne izvuku zaključci za neophodna povećanja odgovarajuće kategorije pouzdanosti. Cilj članka je da sistematizuju kategorije pouzdanosti koje se moraju analizirati, verifikovati i ažurno pratiti tokom korišćenja VS. Ključne kategorije pouzdanosti koje se ovde razmatraju su: • obezbeđenost isporuke vode potrošačima, • pouzdanost objekata i sistema, • operativna gotovost sistema, • konstrukcijska i hidraulička sigurnost objekata / sistema, • hidrološka pouzdanost sistema, • pouzdanost ljudi koji upravljaju sistemima, • pogodnost sistema sa stanovišta tekućeg i investicionog održavanja, • pouzdanost sistema za osmatranje i praćenje objekata, • pouzdanost sa gledišta bezbednosti iz okruženja i prema okruženju VS. U članku se razmatraju ključni aspekti navedenih kategorija pouzdanosti, mogućnosti njihovog ugrađivanja u projektna rešenja - od izbora konfiguracija sistema i dimenzionisanja objekata, izbora prateće opreme od koje zavisi pouzdanost VS, do kasnijih ažurnih provera pouzdanosti tokom eksploatacije sistema. Te provere su neophodne (a često se prenebregavaju), jer je pouzdanost vodoprivrednih sistema dinamička kategorija, koja se menja tokom vremena, pa se mora proveravati i dovoditi na neophodan nivo.